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Seattle, WA Earthquake Safety: Soft-Story Retrofit (2026)

Heavy Restrictions
Compiled from the official code textEditor Martyn O'NeillLast verified September 2026

Key Facts

URM Buildings Identified
Over 1,100 in Seattle
People Affected
Over 22,000 live or work in URMs
Code Adopted
November 15, 2024
Retrofit Pathways
Code-based or Alternate Method (Bolts+)
Current Status
Voluntary, mandatory planned

Summary

Seattle adopted the 2021 Existing Building Code recognizing URM retrofits on November 15, 2024. The city has identified over 1,100 collapse-hazard unreinforced masonry buildings housing or employing over 22,000 people. Compliance is currently voluntary but mandatory retrofits are planned once supportive resources are established. Two retrofit pathways exist: code-based and the Alternate Method similar to California's Bolts+ approach.

Unreinforced Masonry Buildings — What's Happening Now? The City has adopted code to recognize URM retrofits. The code was adopted in fall 2024 as part of the 2021 Seattle Existing Building Code (SEBC). The code recognition of URM retrofits supports voluntary earthquake retrofits for URM building owners seeking to have their building recognized in the City's URM database as retrofitted. [...] Retrofitting URM buildings will be mandatory in the future, once the City has established supportive resources. [...] Project Benefits — The code recognition or URM retrofits: Define minimum earthquake safety requirements for a "retrofitted" URM building. Establish the Alternate Method for URM retrofit, a reduced retrofit standard that minimizes cost and collapse hazard for qualifying URM buildings. The City's primary reason for encouraging earthquake retrofits of URMs is public safety. [...] In the next 50 years, Seattle has an 86 percent chance of experiencing a damaging earthquake. A future mandatory unreinforced masonry retrofit ordinance will improve the life safety of over 1,100 collapse-hazard buildings. The future required URM earthquake retrofits will reduce the probability of injuries, fatalities, and long-term displacement to the over 22,000 people who live or work in URM buildings.

Source: SDCI - Unreinforced Masonry BuildingsView official code

Full Breakdown

Seattle faces an 86% chance of experiencing a damaging earthquake in the next 50 years. The city has identified over 1,100 unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings that pose collapse hazards. The 2021 Seattle Existing Building Code, adopted November 15, 2024, defines minimum standards for URM buildings to be recognized as 'Retrofitted' in the City's URM database and codifies the Alternate Method for the Seismic Improvement of URMs. Two retrofit pathways are available: the full code-based method (meeting current seismic standards) and the Alternate Method, similar to California's 'Bolts+' approach, which is less restrictive and reduces retrofit costs for qualifying buildings.

Buildings eligible for the Alternate Method must meet criteria for wall and mortar strength and building layout. The Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections (SDCI) maintains a public database of URM buildings and their retrofit status. The city has applied for FEMA federal grant funding to support URM retrofits in underserved communities and is exploring a transfer of development rights program that would allow URM owners to sell unused development rights to fund seismic improvements. Mandatory retrofit requirements are planned for the future once the city has established supportive financial resources.

Violations & Fines

Currently, URM retrofits are voluntary. Once mandatory requirements take effect, non-compliant buildings will face enforcement action from SDCI, potentially including occupancy restrictions, fines, and required retrofit timelines. Buildings that have not been retrofitted remain classified as collapse hazards in the city's URM database.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is seismic retrofitting mandatory in Seattle?
Not yet. The city adopted voluntary retrofit standards in November 2024 and plans to make retrofits mandatory once financial support resources are established for building owners.
What is the Alternate Method for Seattle URM retrofits?
The Alternate Method is similar to California's 'Bolts+' approach and provides a less restrictive, lower-cost retrofit pathway for URM buildings that meet criteria for wall strength and building layout.

Sources & Official References

Other rules in Seattle

All Seattle rules

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