Seattle adopted the 2021 Existing Building Code recognizing URM retrofits on November 15, 2024. The city has identified over 1,100 collapse-hazard unreinforced masonry buildings housing or employing over 22,000 people. Compliance is currently voluntary but mandatory retrofits are planned once supportive resources are established. Two retrofit pathways exist: code-based and the Alternate Method similar to California's Bolts+ approach.
Seattle faces an 86% chance of experiencing a damaging earthquake in the next 50 years. The city has identified over 1,100 unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings that pose collapse hazards. The 2021 Seattle Existing Building Code, adopted November 15, 2024, defines minimum standards for URM buildings to be recognized as 'Retrofitted' in the City's URM database and codifies the Alternate Method for the Seismic Improvement of URMs. Two retrofit pathways are available: the full code-based method (meeting current seismic standards) and the Alternate Method, similar to California's 'Bolts+' approach, which is less restrictive and reduces retrofit costs for qualifying buildings. Buildings eligible for the Alternate Method must meet criteria for wall and mortar strength and building layout. The Seattle Department of Construction and Inspections (SDCI) maintains a public database of URM buildings and their retrofit status. The city has applied for FEMA federal grant funding to support URM retrofits in underserved communities and is exploring a transfer of development rights program that would allow URM owners to sell unused development rights to fund seismic improvements. Mandatory retrofit requirements are planned for the future once the city has established supportive financial resources.
Currently, URM retrofits are voluntary. Once mandatory requirements take effect, non-compliant buildings will face enforcement action from SDCI, potentially including occupancy restrictions, fines, and required retrofit timelines. Buildings that have not been retrofitted remain classified as collapse hazards in the city's URM database.
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