NYC Admin Code §27-2056 (Local Law 1 of 2004, expanded by LL 31/2020, LL 66/2019, LL 123/2023) presumes lead paint in pre-1960 multi-unit buildings with a child under 6. Owners must inspect annually and remediate using EPA RRP-certified workers.
NYC Local Law 1 of 2004 (Admin Code §27-2056 et seq.) is one of the strictest lead-paint laws in the nation. It presumes lead-based paint in pre-1960 multi-unit rental buildings (or pre-1978 if known) where a child under 6 resides. Landlords must: send the annual DOH notice (Form DOH-NYC 1141); conduct annual visual inspections for lead hazards; address peeling paint, chewable surfaces, and friction surfaces; use EPA RRP-certified workers; and perform clearance dust-wipe testing. Local Law 31 of 2020 required XRF testing of all dwelling units by August 9, 2025 and lowered the hazard threshold for dust-wipe clearance. Local Law 66 of 2019 lowered the lead hazard threshold from 1.0 mg/cm² to 0.5 mg/cm². Local Law 123 of 2023 requires public housing and supportive housing to meet stringent standards. HPD enforces via Class C hazardous violations.
HPD Class C violation for lead hazard: $250/day ($500/day after 21 days) plus mandatory emergency repairs by HPD charged back to owner. LL 31 XRF testing failure: $1,500 first offense, $2,000 repeat.
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