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New York, NY Building Safety: Lead Paint (2026)

Heavy Restrictions
Compiled from the official code textEditor Martyn O'NeillLast verified April 2026

Key Facts

LL1 of 2004
Pre-1960 buildings, children <6
LL123 of 2023
Effective Sept 1, 2024
LL31 Deadline
Aug 2025 building-wide
Correction
EPA-certified contractors only
Fines
$250-$500/day

Summary

NYC enforces aggressive lead paint rules under Local Law 1 of 2004 (the Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Act) and Local Law 123 of 2023, which expands protections. All pre-1960 buildings with children under 6 must undergo annual lead paint inspections and remediation by certified contractors.

Local Law 1 of 2004 requires owners of buildings built before 1960 (or built between January 1, 1960, and January 1,1978, if the owner knows there is lead-based paint) to presume that the paint is lead-based paint, identify and address lead-based paint hazards, particularly in buildings with children under the age of six years old routinely spending 10 or more hours per week ("residing") in a dwelling unit. The requirement for paint testing applies to these same buildings regardless of whether a child under six currently resides in the building. Multiple dwelling buildings (3 or more residential units) built before 1960 Multiple dwelling buildings built between January 1, 1960, and January 1,1978, if the owner knows there is lead-based paint Tenant occupied units in private dwellings (1-2 residential units) built prior to 1960 Coop/Condos dwelling units not being occupied by the owner or a family member of the owner. A lead-based paint hazard exists when there is peeling or disturbed paint on a surface in a building built before 1960 in an apartment where a child under six routinely spends 10 or more hours per week ("residing") in a dwelling unit unless the surfaces have all been tested and there is less than 0.5 mg/cms 2 of lead in the paint. By August 2025, property owners were required to test all painted surfaces one time for lead in apartments and common areas of a building built prior to 1960. This requirement must also be met if the rental building was built between 1960 and 1978 in cases where owner has actual knowledge of lead-based paint.

Source: NYC HPD Lead-Based PaintView official code

Full Breakdown

Local Law 1 of 2004 requires owners of pre-1960 multiple dwellings to perform annual visual assessments of apartments where children under age 6 reside, remediate any lead-based paint hazards using EPA-certified contractors, and maintain detailed records filed with HPD. Local Law 123 of 2023 (effective September 1, 2024) expands these obligations significantly: it requires corrective measures in all units with children under 6 by July 1, 2027, or within three years of a child under 6 beginning to reside in the unit. Owners must use XRF testing for definitive lead detection (not just visual assessment). Local Law 31 of 2020 further requires building-wide lead inspections by August 2025 in buildings with 10+ units and records must be filed with HPD. The NYC Health Code Article 173 addresses lead hazards more broadly, covering windowsills, friction surfaces, and accessible chewable surfaces. HPD can issue violations for non-compliance and perform inspections on complaint.

Violations & Fines

HPD violations for lead paint hazards carry fines of $250-$500 per day until corrected. Failure to file required records: $1,000+. Emergency lead orders require abatement within 24 hours. Criminal liability possible for willful failure causing childhood lead poisoning.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which buildings are affected by NYC lead paint laws?
All multiple dwellings (3+ units) built before 1960 must comply with Local Law 1 of 2004 and Local Law 123 of 2023. Single- and two-family homes are exempt unless tenant-occupied with children under 6.
What changed with Local Law 123 of 2023?
LL123 expands lead paint protections by requiring corrective measures in all units with children under 6 by July 1, 2027, and mandates XRF testing rather than visual assessment alone. It took effect September 1, 2024.
What must landlords do annually?
Conduct visual assessments in apartments where children under 6 reside, file annual reports with HPD, maintain records of all inspections and remediation work, and use EPA-certified contractors for any lead abatement.

Sources & Official References

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