The City of Vacaville maintains a juvenile curfew ordinance at Vacaville Municipal Code Chapter 9.34 (Curfew). The chapter generally makes it unlawful for a minor (a person under 18 years of age) to be present in or upon any public place, public street, highway, road, lane, park, playground, public building, place of amusement or entertainment, vacant lot, or other public ground during defined curfew hours, subject to enumerated defenses including being accompanied by a parent or guardian, traveling directly to or from lawful employment, engaged in lawful interstate travel, attending an official school, religious, or other lawfully-organized activity, or responding to an emergency. The chapter also imposes parental liability for permitting a curfew violation, consistent with the framework upheld by the California Court of Appeal in Nunez v. City of San Diego.
Vacaville Municipal Code Chapter 9.34 (Curfew) follows the standard California-municipal juvenile curfew template: it makes it unlawful for any minor (a person under 18 years of age) to loiter, idle, wander, stroll, or play in or upon any public place, public street, highway, road, lane, park, playground, public building, place of amusement or entertainment, vacant lot, or other public ground during defined nighttime curfew hours; the corresponding daytime daytime-curfew provision (sometimes referred to as a 'truancy ordinance') addresses school-hour presence in public places. The chapter incorporates the defenses the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and the California Court of Appeal have required for constitutional validity (see Nunez v. City of San Diego, 114 F.3d 935 (9th Cir. 1997)): the minor is accompanied by a parent or legal guardian or another adult authorized by the parent or guardian; the minor is on an errand directed by the parent or guardian; the minor is in a motor vehicle involved in interstate or intrastate travel; the minor is engaged in lawful employment or returning home directly from lawful employment; the minor is engaged in an emergency; the minor is on the sidewalk abutting the minor's residence or the residence of a neighbor who has not complained; the minor is attending or returning directly home from an official school, religious, or other recreational activity supervised by adults and sponsored by a city, civic, religious, or other entity that takes responsibility for the minor; the minor is exercising First Amendment rights; the minor is married or has been married, or is otherwise emancipated. Parental liability provisions make it unlawful for a parent or legal guardian to knowingly permit or by inefficient control to allow the minor to violate the curfew. Enforcement is by the Vacaville Police Department through citation; minors cited for curfew violations are typically referred to diversion programs, the Solano County Probation Department, or the Solano County Juvenile Court depending on prior contacts. The Vacaville Unified School District operates the daytime truancy-prevention framework in coordination with the curfew enforcement.
Curfew violations under Chapter 9.34 are infractions in most municipalities of this template and are enforced through the Vacaville Police Department. Penalties typically include a citation that may result in diversion, community service, parent-and-juvenile counseling, or referral to the Solano County Probation Department under California Welfare and Institutions Code Section 602 where appropriate. Parental liability provisions in the chapter authorize separate citation of the parent or legal guardian who knowingly permits or by inefficient control allows the curfew violation, with administrative or infraction penalties as set by the city's penalty schedule under Chapter 1.28. School-attendance daytime violations are addressed in coordination with the Vacaville Unified School District's School Attendance Review Board (SARB) and may trigger Cal. Education Code Section 48260 et seq. truancy enforcement.
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