The City of Vacaville has not adopted a stand-alone drone or unmanned aircraft system (UAS) ordinance regulating recreational or commercial drone flight. Drone operation over and within Vacaville is governed primarily by federal law - the Federal Aviation Administration's 14 C.F.R. Part 107 (for commercial and non-recreational operations) and the FAA's Recreational Flyer rules under 49 U.S.C. Section 44809 (for hobbyist flight) - and by California statutes addressing privacy and trespass, including Cal. Penal Code Section 632.7 (audio recording), Cal. Civil Code Section 1708.8 (physical and constructive invasion of privacy by drone), and Cal. Penal Code Section 402 (interference with emergency personnel). Travis Air Force Base, located just east of Vacaville, creates Class C airspace and a restricted/prohibited area that requires LAANC authorization for any drone flight in the vicinity.
Vacaville's regulatory approach to drones is to rely on the federal-and-state floor rather than codify a local ordinance. Federal law preempts most operational aspects of drone flight under FAA jurisdiction. For recreational operators, 49 U.S.C. Section 44809 (the Exception for Limited Recreational Operations of Unmanned Aircraft) requires that the aircraft be flown strictly for recreational purposes; in accordance with the safety guidelines of a community-based organization recognized by the FAA (e.g., AMA); within visual line of sight; in a manner that does not interfere with manned aircraft; from a location that complies with airspace authorizations; below 400 feet AGL in uncontrolled (Class G) airspace, or with LAANC authorization in controlled airspace; with the operator having passed the FAA's TRUST (Recreational UAS Safety Test); and with the aircraft registered with the FAA if it weighs more than 0.55 lb (250 g) under 14 C.F.R. Part 48. For commercial or non-recreational operations, 14 C.F.R. Part 107 requires the remote pilot to hold a Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate, the aircraft to be registered, flight to be conducted within Part 107 operating limits (daylight or twilight unless waived, below 400 ft AGL, visual line of sight, max ground speed 100 mph, no flight over people unless qualifying under categories, no flight over moving vehicles unless qualifying), and Remote ID compliance under 14 C.F.R. Part 89 (fully effective since March 16, 2024). Vacaville lies in proximity to Travis Air Force Base (3.5 miles to the east), whose Class C airspace and DoD prohibited area (P-49 vicinity considerations) extend over much of east Vacaville; recreational and commercial drone flight in this controlled airspace requires LAANC authorization from the FAA's UAS Data Exchange, and operators should consult B4UFLY before each flight. California state law adds: Cal. Civil Code Section 1708.8 creates a private cause of action for use of a drone to capture audio, video, or other recordings of another in a manner offensive to a reasonable person where the subject has a reasonable expectation of privacy; Cal. Penal Code Section 402 makes it a misdemeanor to interfere with first responders, including by drone, and authorizes responders to disable interfering drones; Cal. Penal Code Section 11414 addresses harassment by recording. California Civil Code Section 43.101 (drone search-and-rescue immunity) and California state park orders posted by individual State Park Superintendents may restrict drone operations on specific state-managed lands. Vacaville parks rules adopted by the Parks and Recreation Department (under Title 12 of the VMC and posted regulations) may include drone restrictions at specific park sites (Lagoon Valley, Andrews Park, Allan Witt, etc.), but no comprehensive citywide park-drone ban is codified.
FAA Part 107 and 49 U.S.C. Section 44809 violations are enforced by the FAA Office of Aviation Safety through civil penalties up to $32,666 per violation under 49 U.S.C. Section 46301 (adjusted for inflation), suspension or revocation of the Remote Pilot Certificate, and referral for federal criminal prosecution under 49 U.S.C. Sections 46306-46308 in serious cases. Remote ID violations under 14 C.F.R. Part 89 carry similar civil penalty exposure. California Civil Code Section 1708.8 violations are civil and may result in actual damages, treble damages, statutory damages up to $50,000, punitive damages, and disgorgement of profits where the drone footage was sold. Cal. Penal Code Section 402 interference is a misdemeanor punishable by up to six months in county jail and a fine up to $1,000. Vacaville Police Department officers may cite for state-law violations and may refer FAA violations to the FAA Aviation Safety Hotline; the city may pursue trespass enforcement under Cal. Penal Code Section 602 where drone operations involve unauthorized entry onto private or city property.
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