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Jefferson County, AL Animal Ordinances: Chickens & Livestock (2026)

Some Restrictions
Compiled from the official code textEditor Martyn O'NeillLast verified August 2026

Key Facts

Governing section
Zoning Resolution § 1209
Roosters
Strictly prohibited in residential districts
Hen limit (≤6,000 sq ft lot)
Maximum 2 hens
Hen limit (larger lots)
1 hen per additional 3,000 sq ft
Coop size/height
Max 80 sq ft, max 6 feet tall
Coop setback
35 ft from lines, 50 ft from neighbor's house

Summary

Unincorporated Jefferson County allows backyard hens but bans roosters outright. Zoning Resolution Section 1209 caps flock size by lot area, requires a predator-proof coop set back 35 feet from property lines and 50 feet from a neighbor's house, and treats keeping roosters at a single-family home as strictly prohibited.

City-specific rules exist: Birmingham, and Hoover have their own chickens & livestock rules that differ from Jefferson County's county-level regulations. If you live in one of those cities, check the city-specific page instead.

The keeping of hens is allowed as an accessory use to single family detached residences in residential zoning classifications. However, the keeping of roosters as an accessory use to single family detached residences in residential zoning classifications is strictly prohibited. The number of hens allowed is restricted as follows: a. A maximum of two (2) hens can be kept on residential properties containing 6,000 square feet or less. b. For properties containing more than 6,000 square feet, one (1) hen shall be allowed for every 3,000 square feet of property. c. An enclosed predator-proof coop/run shall be provided in rear yards... with the total area being no more than 80 square feet, no more than six feet tall, setback a minimum of 35 feet from property lines and 50 feet from residential structures on adjacent lots.

Source: Birmingham Code §3-1-52View official code

Full Breakdown

Section 1209 of the Jefferson County Zoning Resolution, Regulations Pertaining to Livestock and Poultry, allows hen-keeping as an accessory use to single-family detached residences in residential zoning classifications, but draws a hard line at roosters: keeping roosters as an accessory use at a single-family home in a residential district is strictly prohibited, regardless of flock size. Hen numbers scale with lot size rather than a flat cap, a property of 6,000 square feet or less may keep no more than two hens, while a larger lot gets one additional hen for every 3,000 square feet beyond that.

Housing is regulated in detail: the coop and run must be enclosed and predator-proof, built of new or sound metal or wood treated against decay, properly ventilated, and kept clean, dry and free of nuisance odor or noise that would disturb neighboring lots. The structure is size- and placement-limited, no more than 80 square feet total, no taller than six feet, and set back at least 35 feet from any property line and 50 feet from any residential structure on an adjacent lot. Section 1209 also requires daily upkeep: manure must not accumulate, the coop must be cleaned and treated against red mites, hens must have a dust bath, and feed must be stored in the residence or a sealed weather-resistant container and removed from the run each day. 03's citation, misdemeanor and injunction process.

Violations & Fines

Keeping a rooster, exceeding the lot-based hen limit, or running an undersized, too-tall or too-close coop violates Section 1209 of the Zoning Resolution. A coop that is not maintained in sound, decay-free condition is a violation in its own right. All of these are enforced under Section 1901.03: written notice to cease and desist comes first, continued noncompliance is a Class B misdemeanor with each day a separate offense, and the County Commission may seek injunctive relief.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I keep chickens in unincorporated Jefferson County?
Yes, hens only. Zoning Resolution Section 1209 allows hen-keeping as an accessory use to single-family detached homes in residential zones, but keeping roosters at the same kind of property is strictly prohibited, so any rooster is a violation regardless of how the rest of the flock is kept.
How many hens am I allowed?
It depends on your lot size under Section 1209: a property of 6,000 square feet or less can keep a maximum of two hens, and larger lots get one additional hen for every 3,000 square feet beyond that threshold.
How far from my property line does the coop have to be?
Section 1209 requires the coop and run to sit at least 35 feet from any property line and 50 feet from any residential structure on an adjacent lot, and caps the structure at 80 square feet and six feet tall.
What coop conditions can get me cited?
A coop that isn't predator-proof, isn't cleaned regularly, lets manure accumulate, isn't treated for red mites, or shows signs of decay is a violation of Section 1209 on its own, separate from any rooster or flock-size violation.

Sources & Official References

Other rules in Jefferson County

All Jefferson County rules

How Jefferson County compares: Best Cities for Backyard Chickens·Compare Jefferson County to another location·View the Alabama animal ordinances overview

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