Small backyard recreational fires in unincorporated Shelby County follow the adopted 2021 International Fire Code (county code Chapter 22), enforced by the Shelby County Fire Department. Fires must stay 25 feet from structures and be attended. Burning yard debris is separately prohibited without a Health Department permit.
Backyard fires in unincorporated Shelby County are governed by the 2021 International Fire Code, codified at Chapter 22, Article II and enforced by the Shelby County Fire Department. Fire Code Section 307 distinguishes a recreational fire (not more than three feet in diameter, for cooking or warmth) from open burning of yard debris. A recreational fire must be kept at least 25 feet from any structure (Section 307.4.2), a portable outdoor fireplace at least 15 feet (Section 307.4.3), and must be constantly attended until fully extinguished (Section 307.5). Burning leaves, brush, or yard waste is open burning, prohibited without a Health Department permit. Given the low wildfire risk, the main concern is preventing spread to fences, sheds, or homes.
Unsafe or unattended backyard fires are enforced by the Shelby County Fire Department under the International Fire Code; the fire code official may order it extinguished or cite it. Burning yard debris without a Health Department permit is a violation.
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