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Sandoval County, NM Right to Farm: Agricultural Zoning Protection (2026)

Few Restrictions
Compiled from the official code textEditor Martyn O'NeillLast verified August 2026

Key Facts

Zoning Status
By-right permissive use, no permit
Governing Section
Zoning Ordinance § 9(1)(B)(4)
Default District
RRA (Rural Residential/Agricultural)
Condition
Control livestock insects/rodents/excrement
Includes
Wineries as defined by the Ordinance

Summary

Farming is a by-right use across most of unincorporated Sandoval County. Section 9(1)(B)(4) of the Zoning Ordinance lists agricultural activities, including wineries, as a permissive use in the Rural Residential/Agricultural (RRA) district, the county's default zone, subject only to basic pest and manure-management conditions for livestock areas.

These county ordinances apply to unincorporated areas of Sandoval County. Incorporated cities within the county may have their own rules that take precedence over county-level regulations.

4.Agricultural activities, including wineries as defined by this Ordinance, provided that any areas devoted to livestock shall be constructed and maintained to discourage the concentration and breeding of insects and rodents that may be detrimental to human habitation, and provided that animal excrement shall not be allowed to accumulate in excessive amounts;

Full Breakdown

Section 9(1)(B) lists the uses allowed by right in the RRA district, and item 4 covers agriculture: agricultural activities, including wineries as the Ordinance defines them, are permissive uses that require no Zoning Commission review, unlike the conditional uses listed later in the same section. The only conditions attached are aimed at nuisance prevention, not at limiting the scale or type of farming: areas devoted to livestock must be built and maintained to discourage the concentration and breeding of insects and rodents, and animal excrement can't be allowed to accumulate in excessive amounts.

Because the RRA district is the county's default zoning for any unmapped land, this by-right agricultural permission effectively covers most of unincorporated Sandoval County outside the mapped community districts and overlays. 2)(B)(2), such as a half-acre minimum for one large-livestock animal and a half-acre minimum allowing up to five medium-livestock animals, with additional animals scaled to lot size. A farmer who stays within the RRA's basic pest- and waste-control conditions needs no permit, no public hearing, and no filing fee to keep the operation running.

Violations & Fines

The only way the by-right agricultural use in Section 9(1)(B)(4) turns into a violation is if a livestock area is allowed to breed insects or rodents or accumulate excessive animal excrement. That triggers a Section 24 citation from the Zoning Officer, carrying a civil fine of up to $300 that becomes a property lien if unpaid; the county may remediate the nuisance itself and add the cost to the fine.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need a permit to farm my land in unincorporated Sandoval County?
No. Section 9(1)(B)(4) lists agricultural activities as a permissive use in the RRA district, the county's default zoning, so farming does not require Zoning Commission review the way a conditional use does.
Does the county regulate how I keep farm animals?
Only lightly under the base agricultural permission. Section 9(1)(B)(4) requires livestock areas to be built and maintained to discourage insect and rodent breeding and prohibits letting animal excrement accumulate in excessive amounts; some community districts, like Rio Rancho Estates, add specific per-acre livestock density limits.
Are wineries allowed as an agricultural use?
Yes. Section 9(1)(B)(4) expressly includes wineries as defined by this Ordinance within the agricultural activities permitted by right in the RRA district.

Sources & Official References

Other rules in Sandoval County

All Sandoval County rules

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