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Albemarle County, VA Business Licensing & Operations: Secondhand Dealers (2026)

Significant Restrictions
Compiled from the official code textEditor Martyn O'NeillLast verified September 2026

Key Facts

Permit issuer
Chief of Police, Sec. 12-201
Bond required
$10,000.00 or equivalent letter of credit
Record retention
24+ months for transaction records
Item hold period
15 calendar days before resale
First-offense penalty
Class 2 misdemeanor
Repeat-offense penalty
Class 1 misdemeanor, permit revocable

Summary

Anyone buying precious metals or gems from the public in Albemarle County, such as a pawn or secondhand gold shop, must hold a permit from the Chief of Police, post a $10,000 bond, and keep detailed transaction records for each seller. County Code §§ 12-201, 12-205 and 12-211 set these permit, bonding and item-retention rules under Article 2 of the Regulated Enterprises chapter.

These county ordinances apply to unincorporated areas of Albemarle County. Incorporated cities within the county may have their own rules that take precedence over county-level regulations.

Sec. 12-201 - Permit—Required. No person shall engage in the activities of a dealer, as defined in Virginia Code § 54.1-4100, without first obtaining a permit from the Chief of Police. ... A.Before receiving a permit, a dealer shall provide a bond to the County, secured by a corporate surety authorized to do business in the Commonwealth, to be payable to the County in the penal sum of $10,000.00, and conditioned upon due observance of the terms of this article. ... A.The dealer shall retain all precious metals or gems in the condition in which purchased for a minimum of 15 calendar days from the time of filing the bill of sale for their purchase with the Chief of Police.

Full Breakdown

1-4100. Sec. 12-201 makes it unlawful to engage in the activities of a dealer without first obtaining a permit from the Chief of Police, and Sec. 12-202 requires the dealer to file an application and pay the state-set application fee. Sec. 12-203 makes the permit a nontransferable personal privilege that must be displayed prominently on the business premises, and Sec. 12-204 voids any permit obtained through a knowingly false statement. Before receiving a permit, Sec. 00 payable to the county, secured by a corporate surety, or in the alternative to obtain a bank letter of credit in the same amount; a single bond or letter of credit can cover an employer's employees and all transactions at one location.

Sec. 12-208 requires the dealer to keep an accurate record of every purchase, including a description of the items, price, date, time and place, the seller's full name, address, phone numbers, date of birth, physical description, government-issued photo identification, a statement of ownership, and a digital image of the seller's ID; one copy of the bill of sale must reach the Chief of Police within 24 hours of the purchase. Sec. 12-210 bars a dealer from buying from a seller under 18 or from anyone the dealer believes is not the true owner without written authorization.

Sec. 12-211 requires the dealer to hold every purchased item unaltered and unsold for at least 15 calendar days after filing the bill of sale, and Sec. 12-207 makes a first violation of the article a class 2 misdemeanor and a subsequent violation a class 1 misdemeanor, with the Chief of Police empowered to revoke a dealer's permit for one year after a first conviction and two years after a second.

Violations & Fines

Operating as a precious metals or gems dealer in Albemarle County without a Chief of Police permit violates Sec. 12-201. A first conviction under Article 2, including failing to post the $10,000.00 bond, keep required records, or hold purchased items for the 15-day retention period, is a class 2 misdemeanor; a second or later conviction is a class 1 misdemeanor, and the Chief of Police can revoke the dealer's permit for one to two years.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does a pawn or gold-buying shop need a permit in Albemarle County?
Yes. Sec. 12-201 makes it unlawful to engage in the activities of a dealer in precious metals or gems, as defined by Virginia Code § 54.1-4100, without first getting a permit from the Chief of Police, and the permit must stay displayed on the business premises.
How long must a dealer hold onto purchased gold or jewelry before reselling it?
At least 15 calendar days from the date the dealer files the bill of sale with the Chief of Police. Sec. 12-211 bars the dealer from selling, altering, or removing a purchased item from the county during that hold period.
What bond does a precious metals dealer need to post?
A $10,000.00 bond payable to the county, secured by a corporate surety authorized to do business in Virginia, or a bank letter of credit for the same amount, under Sec. 12-205. One bond or letter of credit can cover all of a dealer's employees at a single location.
What happens if a dealer is convicted of violating the ordinance?
A first conviction under Article 2 is a class 2 misdemeanor, and any later conviction is a class 1 misdemeanor under Sec. 12-207. The Chief of Police may also revoke the dealer's permit for one year after a first conviction and for two years after a second.

Sources & Official References

Other rules in Albemarle County

All Albemarle County rules

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