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Colorado Statewide Rule

Colorado For-Cause Eviction Protections Apply Statewide

Some RestrictionsApplies statewide across Colorado (2026)

Key Facts

Statute
CRS 38-12-1303
Bill
HB23-1171
Trigger
12-month occupancy or second term
Tenant Damages
Up to 3 months rent

Summary

Colorado HB23-1171 created a statewide for-cause eviction standard requiring landlords to cite specific statutory grounds, such as nonpayment or lease violations, before terminating most residential tenancies.

38-12-1303. Cause for eviction required - no-fault evictions. (1) A landlord shall not serve a notice to terminate tenancy or a demand for possession or otherwise proceed with an action for unlawful detainer pursuant to article 40 of title 13 unless there is cause for the eviction. (2) For the purposes of subsection (1) of this section, cause exists only as described in the following sections:

Source: C.R.S. 38-12-1303 - Cause for eviction requiredView official code

Full Breakdown

Codified at CRS 38-12-1303, the statute prohibits landlords from refusing to renew or terminating a residential tenancy without cause once the tenant has occupied the unit for at least 12 months or signed a second lease term. Permitted grounds include nonpayment, material lease violations, owner move-in, substantial renovation, sale to an owner-occupant, and withdrawal from the rental market. The law applies to most market-rate housing statewide, with limited exemptions for owner-occupied duplexes, employer housing, and short-term rentals. Local governments may add stronger tenant protections.

Violations & Penalties

Non-compliant termination notices are void as defenses to eviction. Tenants may recover statutory damages up to three months' rent plus attorney fees under CRS 38-12-1305 for retaliatory or pretextual evictions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Colorado's for-cause law apply on day one of a lease?
No. Protections trigger after the tenant has occupied the unit for at least 12 months or entered a second lease term. Initial fixed-term leases may end without cause if proper notice is given.
What evictions are exempt from the for-cause requirement?
Owner-occupied duplexes where the owner lives in the other unit, employer-provided housing tied to a job, and short-term rentals under 30 days are exempt under CRS 38-12-1302.

Sources

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