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Montana Statewide Rule

Montana Agricultural Zoning and Farmland Protection

Few RestrictionsApplies statewide across Montana (2026)

Key Facts

Right to Farm Act
MCA 76-2-901 to 76-2-903
Qualifying test
$1,500 income or ag tax class
County zoning
May protect farmland
Protection
Against later nuisance ordinances
Last verified: September 5, 2026Source: Montana Legislature

Summary

Montana counties may zone to protect farmland, and the Right to Farm and Ranch Act (MCA 76-2-901 to 76-2-903) bars local ordinances from declaring established agricultural operations a nuisance based on changed surrounding conditions.

76-2-903. Local ordinances. A city, county, taxing district, or other political subdivision of this state may not adopt an ordinance or resolution that prohibits any existing agricultural activities or forces the termination of any existing agricultural activities outside the boundaries of an incorporated city or town. Zoning and nuisance ordinances may not prohibit agricultural activities that were established outside the corporate limits of a municipality and then incorporated into that municipality by annexation.

Source: Montana LegislatureView official code

Full Breakdown

Montana counties have authority to adopt zoning that designates and protects agricultural districts. The Right to Farm and Ranch Act, MCA 76-2-901 through 76-2-903, protects agricultural activities from local zoning and nuisance ordinances: a qualifying operation cannot be declared a nuisance solely because the surrounding area changed. 'Agricultural activity' is defined by a $1,500 gross-income threshold or agricultural/forest tax classification (MCA 76-2-902). Counties balance growth and farmland preservation through zoning, conservation easements, and subdivision review under separate statutes.

Violations & Penalties

Local ordinances that would declare a protected agricultural operation a nuisance are barred; zoning violations are enforced by county citation and injunctive relief.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can Montana counties create agricultural zoning districts?
Yes. Counties have zoning authority to designate and protect agricultural districts under state planning statutes.
Does Right to Farm override local zoning?
Not entirely. MCA 76-2-901 to 76-2-903 limit nuisance ordinances against qualifying operations but do not exempt them from valid zoning and environmental rules.

Sources

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