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Virginia Statewide Rule

Virginia Division Fences: Neighbors Split the Cost Equally

Some RestrictionsApplies statewide across Virginia (2026)

Key Facts

Cost split
Joint and equal expense
Statute
Code of Va. § 55.1-2821
Opt-out
Land left open, or agree otherwise
If neighbor refuses
Liable for one-half cost
Recovery
Action or warrant in debt
Last verified: July 31, 2026

Summary

Under Code of Virginia § 55.1-2821, adjoining landowners must build and maintain division fences between their lands at joint and equal expense, unless one leaves his land open or the neighbors agree otherwise.

Adjoining landowners shall build and maintain, at their joint and equal expense, division fences between their lands, unless one of them chooses to let his land lie open or unless they agree otherwise.

Full Breakdown

Virginia's division-fence rule (§ 55.1-2821) makes a boundary fence a shared obligation: adjoining owners split construction and upkeep 50/50. Two escape hatches exist, a neighbor who lets his land lie open (encloses nothing) owes nothing, and neighbors may contract for different terms. If one owner refuses after proper notice, § 55.1-2822 lets the other build it and hold the refuser liable for one-half of the expense. A 'lawful fence' is defined by § 55.1-2804 (for example, at least five feet high, or barbed wire at least 42 inches high with four strands).

Violations & Penalties

A neighbor who refuses to pay his half after notice is liable for one-half the cost. Under § 55.1-2824 the building owner recovers it by action or warrant in debt according to the jurisdictional amount.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does my neighbor have to pay for half our boundary fence in Virginia?
Yes. Section 55.1-2821 requires adjoining landowners to build and maintain division fences at joint and equal expense, unless a neighbor leaves his land open or you both agree to different terms.
What if my neighbor refuses to share the cost?
After proper notice you can build the fence yourself; § 55.1-2822 makes the neighbor liable for one-half the expense, recoverable by action or warrant in debt under § 55.1-2824.
Can I avoid paying entirely?
Only by letting your land lie open, enclosing nothing against the boundary, or by reaching a written agreement with your neighbor that allocates the cost differently.

Sources

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