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Virginia Statewide Rule

Virginia Drought Water Use Restrictions and Permits

Heavy RestrictionsApplies statewide across Virginia (2026)

Key Facts

Surface Water Act
§ 62.1-242 et seq.
Drought authority
DEQ and SWCB
Civil penalty cap
$25,000 per day
Local override
Stricter only

Summary

The State Water Control Board administers statewide drought response and surface water withdrawal permits, with localities authorized to impose additional conservation rules during declared shortages.

A. Whenever the governing body of any locality finds that a water supply emergency exists or is reasonably likely to occur if water conservation measures are not taken, it may adopt an ordinance restricting the use of water by the citizens of such locality for the duration of such emergency or for a period of time necessary to prevent the occurrence of a water supply emergency. However, such ordinance shall apply only to water supplied by a locality, authority, or company distributing water for a fee or charge. Such ordinance may include appropriate penalties designed to prevent excessive use of water, including, but not limited to, a surcharge on excessive amounts used.

Source: Virginia Legislative Information SystemView official code

Full Breakdown

Under Va. Code § 62.1-242 through § 62.1-253 (Surface Water Management Act) and § 62.1-44.15, the State Water Control Board issues permits and may impose mandatory conservation during declared water shortages. The Department of Environmental Quality's Drought Assessment and Response Plan triggers regional restrictions that bind localities. Localities may enact stricter watering rules but cannot grant uses prohibited by state drought emergency orders.

Violations & Penalties

Class 1 misdemeanor or civil penalty up to $25,000 per day for permit violations; lesser local fines for watering bans.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who declares a drought emergency in Virginia?
The Governor, advised by the Drought Monitoring Task Force and DEQ, declares drought watches, warnings, and emergencies. Local restrictions follow the state's regional declarations.
Can my city allow watering during a state drought emergency?
No. State drought orders set the floor. Localities may impose stricter limits but cannot permit water uses prohibited by the Governor or DEQ.

Sources

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