Fairfax, VA Accessory Structures: Shed Rules (2026)

The Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code (USBC), based on the International Residential Code, exempts detached one-story accessory structures of 256 square feet or less (roughly 16 by 16 feet) from building permit requirements in residential zones. The City of Fairfax follows this threshold for building permits but requires zoning review and approval for all sheds regardless of size to ensure compliance with setback, lot coverage, and placement standards. In typical R-1 and R-2 residential districts, sheds must be located in the rear yard with minimum side setbacks of 5 feet and rear setbacks of 5 to 10 feet depending on shed size and zoning district. Sheds generally cannot be placed in front yards or within required front setbacks, and maximum height for accessory structures is typically 12 to 15 feet. Lot coverage limits (usually 25 to 35 percent for accessory uses combined) may further restrict shed size on smaller lots. Any shed over 256 square feet requires a building permit, which involves foundation requirements, wind load calculations, and inspection. Electrical service to a shed (outlets, lights) always requires an electrical permit and licensed installation, as does any plumbing. HOAs, particularly in townhouse communities and newer subdivisions, frequently impose additional rules on shed materials, color, roofing, and placement; HOA review typically must precede city zoning application. Portable metal sheds and wooden garden sheds are treated the same under the code.