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Albemarle County, VA Data Centers & Crypto Mining: Data Center Noise Limits (2026)

Some Restrictions
Compiled from the official code textEditor Martyn O'NeillLast verified September 2026

Key Facts

Generator noise limit
70 dBA measured 23 feet from unit
Maintenance window
Mon-Fri, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. only
Enclosure required
Level 3 enclosure or equivalent
Lot-line standard
Must also meet Sec. 4.18 noise limits
Waiver
Accessory-use rule cannot be waived by exception

Summary

Albemarle County's zoning ordinance sets a hard noise ceiling on data center backup generators. Under Sec. 18-5.1.65(D), generators must be enclosed to hold sound to 70 dBA measured 23 feet away, routine testing is confined to weekday daytime hours, and every piece of onsite equipment must still meet the county's general outdoor noise standards at the lot line, in Albemarle County outside Charlottesville and Scottsville.

These county ordinances apply to unincorporated areas of Albemarle County. Incorporated cities within the county may have their own rules that take precedence over county-level regulations.

D.Generators.1.Routine generator exercise maintenance is limited to Monday—Friday between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.2.Generators must be enclosed in a level 3 enclosure or other enclosure limiting sound to 70 dBA measured 23 feet from the generator. All equipment onsite must comply with Section 4.18, including maximum sound levels at all lot lines.

Full Breakdown

Sec. 65(D) singles out data center generators for their own noise and scheduling controls. , closing off nights, weekends, and early mornings to generator noise entirely. Each generator must sit inside a level 3 sound enclosure, or an equivalent enclosure, engineered to hold sound to no more than 70 dBA measured 23 feet from the unit. 18's maximum sound levels measured at every lot line, so a facility has to clear both the 23-foot generator test and the property-line noise ceiling that applies countywide. These generator standards sit inside the same section that sets data center setbacks and utility requirements, and subsections (A)(1) and (B)(1) of Sec.

65 cannot be waived or modified by special exception, underscoring how firmly the county treats the accessory-use and public-utility rules as non-negotiable even where other data center standards allow flexibility. maintenance window, or one that cannot be shown to meet the 70 dBA-at-23-feet enclosure standard, is enforced the same way as any other zoning matter, through inspection and complaint response by the Zoning Administrator's office.

Violations & Fines

Exceeding the 70 dBA generator limit, running maintenance outside the Monday-Friday 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. window, or failing the countywide Section 4.18 noise standard at the lot line is a zoning violation under Sec. 18-36.1. The Zoning Administrator can issue a civil summons of $200.00 for a first violation and $500.00 for each repeat from the same facts, capped at $5,000.00, or pursue a Class 1 misdemeanor under Sec. 18-36.4 with fines of $10.00 to $1,000.00 per day.

Frequently Asked Questions

When can a data center run its backup generators in Albemarle County?
Routine generator exercise and maintenance is limited to Monday through Friday between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. under Sec. 18-5.1.65(D)(1). Outside that window, generators may only run in an actual power outage or emergency, since the ordinance sets no daytime exception for testing beyond those hours.
How loud can a data center generator be?
No louder than 70 dBA measured 23 feet from the unit, achieved through a level 3 sound enclosure or an equivalent enclosure, under Sec. 18-5.1.65(D)(2). The generator and every other piece of onsite equipment must also meet the county's general Section 4.18 noise limits at the lot line.
Do data center generators also have to meet the county's normal noise rules?
Yes. Sec. 18-5.1.65(D)(2) requires that all equipment onsite, including generators, comply with Section 4.18, which sets the county's maximum sound levels measured at every lot line, on top of the specific 70 dBA-at-23-feet generator enclosure standard.

Sources & Official References

Other rules in Albemarle County

All Albemarle County rules

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