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Virginia Statewide Rule

Virginia Family Day Home Licensing Requirements

Heavy RestrictionsApplies statewide across Virginia (2026)

Key Facts

Licensing Trigger
5 to 12 unrelated children
Statute
Va. Code 22.1-289.02
Regulator
Va. Dept. of Education
Under 5 children
Voluntary registration option
Last verified: September 5, 2026Source: Virginia Legislative Information System

Summary

Virginia requires a state license for family day homes caring for five to twelve unrelated children under Va. Code 22.1-289.02, setting uniform capacity, training, and background-check standards that localities cannot override.

B. Every person who constitutes, or who operates or maintains, a child day program or home-based child care system shall obtain the appropriate license from the Superintendent, which may be renewed. The Superintendent, upon request, shall consult with, advise, and assist any person interested in securing and maintaining any such license. Each application for a license shall be made to the Superintendent, in such form as he may prescribe. It shall contain the name and address of the applicant and, if the applicant is an association, partnership, limited liability company, or corporation, the names and addresses of its officers and agents. The application shall also contain a description of the activities proposed to be engaged in and the facilities and services to be employed, together with other pertinent information as the Superintendent may require.

Source: Virginia Legislative Information SystemView official code

Full Breakdown

Va. Code Section 22.1-289.02 defines a family day home and requires those serving five through twelve children (excluding the provider's own and resident children) to be licensed by the Virginia Department of Education's Office of Child Care Health and Safety. Homes serving fewer than five children may register voluntarily under Section 22.1-289.015. Licensed providers must complete pre-service training, fingerprint-based background checks, CPR certification, and home inspections. Localities may apply zoning and home-occupation rules but cannot impose conflicting child-care safety requirements.

Violations & Penalties

Operating an unlicensed home with five or more unrelated children is a Class 1 misdemeanor and grounds for immediate closure.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need a license to babysit my neighbors' kids in Virginia?
Caring for fewer than five unrelated children needs no state license. Once you reach five, licensing under Section 22.1-289.02 applies regardless of locality.
Can my city make me get extra child-care permits beyond the state license?
Cities may require home-occupation zoning approval and a business license but cannot add child-care safety, ratio, or training rules that conflict with the state license.

Sources

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