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Illinois Statewide Rule

Illinois Livestock at Large: Owners Must Restrain and Fence

Some RestrictionsApplies statewide across Illinois (2026)

Key Facts

Statute
510 ILCS 55/1
Penalty
Class C misdemeanor
Repeat offense
Class 4 felony (10th)
Owner liability
Civil damages for all harm
Owner duty
Provide restraints and fencing
Last verified: July 31, 2026

Summary

Illinois flatly bars owners from letting livestock run at large. Under 510 ILCS 55/1 you must provide restraints to keep animals confined, and you are civilly liable for all damage they cause when they escape.

No person or owner of livestock shall allow livestock to run at large in the State of Illinois. All owners of livestock shall provide the necessary restraints to prevent such livestock from so running at large and shall be liable in civil action for all damages occasioned by such animals running at large.

Full Breakdown

The Domestic Animals Running At Large Act (510 ILCS 55/1) states no owner shall allow livestock to run at large anywhere in Illinois, and every owner must provide the restraints needed to prevent it. The Act's livestock covers cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses and other equidae, camelids, ratites, and fowl. Beyond the criminal penalty, the statute makes owners liable in a civil action for all damages their loose animals cause, such as crop loss or vehicle collisions. Enforcement runs through local law enforcement and the county state's attorney, and animals found at large may be impounded under the Act's notice procedures.

Violations & Penalties

Allowing livestock to run at large is a Class C misdemeanor. A 10th or subsequent violation becomes a Class 4 felony, and courts may order the loose livestock impounded.

Frequently Asked Questions

Am I liable if my loose cow causes a car crash?
Yes. 510 ILCS 55/1 makes livestock owners liable in a civil action for all damages caused by their animals running at large.
What animals count as livestock under the Act?
The Act covers bison, cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses and other equidae, camelids, ratites, and fowl.

Sources

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