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Frederick County, VA Building Setbacks & Zoning: Lot Coverage Limits (2026)

Some Restrictions
Compiled from the official code textEditor Martyn O'NeillLast verified September 2026

Key Facts

Impervious ratio cap
0.60 (60% of site)
Applies to
Garden apartments, multifamily, age-restricted housing
Governing table
Table IV-5, Section 165-405.01, RP District
Single-family detached
No numeric ratio listed in Table IV-3

Summary

In the Residential Performance (RP) District outside Winchester, Stephens City and Middletown, Table IV-5 of the Zoning Ordinance caps the site's impervious surface at 0.60, or 60 percent of the lot, for garden apartments, multifamily residential buildings and age-restricted multifamily housing.

These county ordinances apply to unincorporated areas of Frederick County. Incorporated cities within the county may have their own rules that take precedence over county-level regulations.

Table IV-5: RP Residential Performance District Standards - Residential Uses, Multi-Family Development Garden Apartment Multifamily Residential Buildings Age-Restricted Multifamily Housing ... Maximum Site Impervious Surface Ratio 0.60 0.60 0.60

Full Breakdown

60, meaning no more than 60% of the site can be covered by buildings, pavement and other surfaces that keep water from soaking into the ground. That cap sits alongside the district's setback and height rules for the same uses under the same table: garden apartments and multifamily buildings hold a 35 to 60 foot principal-structure front setback and can reach 55 to 60 feet in height, while age-restricted multifamily housing runs larger setbacks (60 feet front, 100 feet side and rear) tied to a lower 40-foot height limit that the Board of Supervisors can waive up to 60 feet if adjacent residential uses will not be harmed. 60 ceiling is specific to the district's multifamily housing types rather than a countywide lot-coverage rule. 60 ratio before approval.

Violations & Fines

A multifamily site plan that shows impervious coverage above the 0.60 ratio in Table IV-5 does not meet the RP District's dimensional standards, and the Department of Planning and Development can reject or require revision of the site plan before it reaches the Zoning Administrator or Board of Supervisors for approval.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is there a lot coverage limit for apartments in Frederick County?
Yes. Table IV-5 of the Zoning Ordinance caps the Maximum Site Impervious Surface Ratio at 0.60 for garden apartments, multifamily residential buildings and age-restricted multifamily housing in the RP, Residential Performance District, meaning buildings and pavement together cannot cover more than 60% of the site.
Does the 60% impervious limit apply to a single-family house?
No numeric limit appears for single-family detached housing types. Table IV-3, which covers single-family detached development in the RP District, lists a Maximum Site Impervious Surface Ratio row with no value filled in, unlike Table IV-5's 0.60 ratio for the district's multifamily housing types.
Who reviews impervious surface compliance for a new apartment project?
The Department of Planning and Development checks the site plan against Table IV-5's 0.60 ratio, along with the setback and height standards in the same table, before the project can move forward in the RP, Residential Performance District.

Sources & Official References

Other rules in Frederick County

All Frederick County rules

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