Virginia Statewide Rule

Virginia Dog Running at Large and Leash Authority

Some RestrictionsApplies statewide across Virginia (2026)

Virginia authorizes localities to prohibit dogs running at large, while imposing statewide rules on dangerous dogs that must be leashed and muzzled outside.

Key Facts

Enabling statute: Va. Code 3.2-6538
Dangerous dog rule: Va. Code 3.2-6540
Max civil penalty: $250
Hunting dogs: Generally exempt

Source: Virginia Legislative Information System

Full Breakdown

Va. Code Section 3.2-6538 enables any locality to adopt ordinances prohibiting dogs from running at large, with civil penalties up to $250. Most counties and cities have done so. Statewide, Section 3.2-6540 requires dogs declared dangerous by a court to be confined in a locked enclosure, kept inside the residence, or restrained by a physical leash and muzzled when outdoors. Hunting dogs lawfully engaged in hunting are generally exempt. Localities may make ordinances paralleling state animal care provisions more stringent under Section 3.2-6543.

Violations & Penalties

Civil penalty up to $250 per violation; dangerous dog violations are misdemeanors.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Virginia have a statewide leash law?

Not for ordinary dogs. Section 3.2-6538 authorizes localities to enact running-at-large ordinances. Dangerous dogs face statewide leash and muzzle requirements under Section 3.2-6540.

What happens if my dog is declared dangerous?

You must register the dog, secure it in a locked enclosure or home, and leash and muzzle it outdoors. You also must maintain liability insurance and post warning signs.

Sources

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Full Breakdown

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Virginia have a statewide leash law?

Not for ordinary dogs. Section 3.2-6538 authorizes localities to enact running-at-large ordinances. Dangerous dogs face statewide leash and muzzle requirements under Section 3.2-6540.

What happens if my dog is declared dangerous?

You must register the dog, secure it in a locked enclosure or home, and leash and muzzle it outdoors. You also must maintain liability insurance and post warning signs.