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Virginia Statewide Rule

Virginia Dog Running at Large and Leash Authority

Some RestrictionsApplies statewide across Virginia (2026)

Key Facts

Enabling statute
Va. Code 3.2-6538
Dangerous dog rule
Va. Code 3.2-6540
Max civil penalty
$100 per dog
Hunting dogs
Generally exempt
Last verified: September 5, 2026Source: Virginia Legislative Information System

Summary

Virginia authorizes localities to prohibit dogs running at large, while imposing statewide rules on dangerous dogs that must be leashed and muzzled outside.

C. Any dangerous dog not confined inside a locked enclosure constructed pursuant to subsection D shall be (i) confined inside the owner's residence or (ii) if outdoors, controlled by a physical leash employed by the responsible adult owner and securely muzzled in a manner that does not cause injury to the animal or interfere with the animal's vision or respiration but prevents it from biting a person or another animal.

Source: Virginia Legislative Information SystemView official code

Full Breakdown

Va. Code Section 3.2-6538 lets any locality adopt an ordinance prohibiting dogs from running at large, with a civil penalty the locality sets up to $100 per dog. Most counties and cities have done so. Statewide, Section 3.2-6540 requires a dog declared dangerous by a court to be confined in a locked enclosure, kept indoors, or leashed and muzzled when outside. Hunting dogs lawfully engaged in hunting are generally exempt. Localities may make parallel animal-care ordinances more stringent under Section 3.2-6543.

Violations & Penalties

Civil penalty up to $100 per dog for running at large; dangerous-dog violations are misdemeanors.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Virginia have a statewide leash law?
Not for ordinary dogs. Section 3.2-6538 lets localities enact running-at-large ordinances with penalties up to $100 per dog. Dangerous dogs face statewide leash and muzzle rules under Section 3.2-6540.
What happens if my dog is declared dangerous?
You must register the dog, secure it in a locked enclosure or home, and leash and muzzle it outdoors. You also must maintain liability insurance and post warning signs.

Sources

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