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Tucson, AZ Invasive Plant Rules: Prohibited Species (2026)

Some Restrictions
Compiled from the official code textEditor Martyn O'NeillLast verified September 2026

Key Facts

Regulated species
Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare)
State listing
Arizona Noxious Weed List since 2005
Duty
Continuous removal from all site areas
Future phases covered
Yes, per UDC Sec. 7.6.4.E.3
Enforcement point
PDSD inspection before certificate of occupancy
Default citywide penalty
Up to $2,500 fine / 6 months, Sec. 1-8

Summary

Every developed site in Tucson must be continuously maintained to remove buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare), a state-listed noxious weed that turns fire-resistant desert into flammable grassland, under the city's landscape maintenance standard checked at final inspection before occupancy.

Unless maintained as undisturbed natural desert, all portions of a site not occupied by buildings, structures, vehicular use areas, oasis areas, pedestrian circulation areas, or required landscape elements must be landscaped with vegetation from the list located in Section 5-02.5.0 of the Technical Standards Manual, reseeded with a native seed mix, or treated with an inorganic ground cover and maintained in a clean condition. All portions of a site including common areas, natural areas, and revegetated or landscaped areas are to continuously be maintained to remove populations of buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare).

View official code

Official source re-checked September 7, 2026: no newer edition of the code had been published (publisher’s edition: 2026 S-150: Current through June 23, 2026).

Full Breakdown

Buffelgrass gets singled out by name in Tucson's Unified Development Code because of the wildfire risk it poses to the Sonoran Desert. C explains that Arizona placed buffelgrass on the state Noxious Weed List in 2005, "prohibiting its entry or sale in the state," and that the grass can kill Saguaros and threaten species like the desert tortoise and mule deer when it burns. 3 extends the same duty to future building pads on phased development sites that haven't broken ground yet. This is a standing maintenance obligation, not a one-time planting rule, and it runs with the property regardless of who owns it.

A, the populations must be mapped and included in that plan or the Environmental Resource Report, with ongoing eradication and monitoring required for both developed and undeveloped portions of the property. 1, and with the owner or tenant's permission, city staff may enter the site afterward to verify continued compliance. D, but the code does not carve buffelgrass out of the maintenance duty itself.

Violations & Fines

The UDC does not set a buffelgrass-specific fine schedule the way it does for protected native plants; a site that fails the Section 7.6.4.E maintenance standard can be held up at final inspection, since PDSD must sign off on required landscaping before a certificate of occupancy issues. Beyond that, Tucson Code Section 1-8 supplies the citywide default: any Code violation lacking its own penalty is punishable by a fine of up to $2,500, up to six months imprisonment, and up to 36 months probation, with each day of continuing noncompliance treated as a separate offense.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Tucson ban buffelgrass on private property?
Tucson's UDC requires every portion of a developed site, including natural and landscaped areas, to be continuously maintained to remove buffelgrass populations under Section 7.6.4.E.2. The underlying statewide sale-and-entry prohibition comes from Arizona's 2005 Noxious Weed List designation, referenced in UDC Section 7.7.1.C.
Why does Tucson single out buffelgrass among invasive plants?
The code explains that buffelgrass converts fire-resistant Sonoran Desert into flammable grassland and can kill Saguaros and native wildlife habitat when it burns, threatening life, property, tourism, and the regional economy, per UDC Section 7.7.1.C.
Do I have to remove buffelgrass from land I haven't developed yet?
Yes. UDC Section 7.6.4.E.3 extends the continuous-removal duty to future building pads within phased developments, and any buffelgrass present must be mapped and addressed in the site's Native Plant Preservation Plan under Section 7.7.4.A even before that phase breaks ground.
What happens if a site fails Tucson's buffelgrass maintenance rule?
PDSD inspects required landscaping before issuing a final certificate of occupancy, so uncontrolled buffelgrass can hold up that sign-off. Beyond inspection delays, Tucson Code Section 1-8's general penalty applies: up to $2,500 in fines, six months imprisonment, and each day treated as a separate offense.

Sources & Official References

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