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Virginia Statewide Rule

Virginia Mobile Food Unit Permits Under State Health Code

Heavy RestrictionsApplies statewide across Virginia (2026)

Key Facts

Regulation
12VAC5-421
Permit issuer
VA Dept. of Health
CFPM requirement
12VAC5-421-55
Servicing area
Required base
Last verified: September 5, 2026Source: Virginia Legislative Information System

Summary

Mobile food units operating in Virginia must obtain a permit from the Virginia Department of Health under uniform statewide food regulations.

A. No person shall own, establish, conduct, maintain, manage, or operate any food establishment in this Commonwealth unless the food establishment is permitted as provided in this section. All permits shall be in the name of the owner . Permits shall not be issued to newly constructed or extensively remodeled food establishments until a certificate of occupancy has been issued by the Building Official. Only a person who complies with the requirements of this part shall be entitled to receive or retain such a permit. B. Permits issued shall not be transferable from one person to another or from one location to another. A new owner shall be required to make a written application for a permit. The application forms are obtainable at all local health departments.

Source: Virginia Legislative Information SystemView official code

Full Breakdown

The Virginia Food Regulations at 12VAC5-421 govern all mobile food units, defined as wheeled food establishments readily moveable during operation. Operators must obtain a VDH permit, designate a servicing area, and meet equipment, water, waste, and food storage requirements. At least one employee must be a Certified Food Protection Manager under 12VAC5-421-55. These food safety standards apply uniformly statewide; localities cannot impose conflicting food safety requirements but can regulate vending zones, parking, and business licensing.

Violations & Penalties

VDH permit suspension, civil penalties, and Class 3 misdemeanor for unpermitted operation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need a state food truck license in Virginia?
Yes. Every mobile food unit must hold a permit from the Virginia Department of Health under 12VAC5-421, in addition to local business licenses and zoning approvals.
Must my food truck have a fixed base of operations?
Yes. The state regulations require a designated servicing area where the unit returns regularly for cleaning, water refilling, waste discharge, and food restocking.

Sources

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