Virginia Tree Conservation Local Authority Statute

Va. Code § 15.2-961 and § 15.2-961.1 authorize tree replacement and conservation ordinances only in localities within Northern Virginia, Hampton Roads, and certain non-attainment areas, or those with adopted urban forestry plans. Outside these enabling districts, Virginia's Dillon's Rule prevents localities from requiring permits for residential tree removal on private property. Heritage, specimen, and street trees may be specifically protected only where the statute permits.

Where authorized, civil penalties up to $1,000 per tree plus replacement costs. Outside authorized localities, local ordinances are unenforceable.