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Grand Forks, ND Mobility & Curb Rules: E-Bike Classes (2026)

Light Restrictions
Compiled from the official code textEditor Martyn O'NeillLast verified September 2026

Key Facts

Class 1 motor
pedal-assist only, cuts off at 20 mph
Class 2 motor
can propel without pedaling, cuts off at 20 mph
Class 3 motor
pedal-assist only, cuts off at 28 mph
Motor power cap
750 watts under § 8-0101(16)
Sidewalk riding
residential districts only, § 8-1104
Standard fine
$5.00 per bicycle-rule violation

Summary

Grand Forks City Code splits electric bicycles into three classes by motor assist and top speed, then folds every class into the ordinary definition of a bicycle. Class 1 and Class 3 motors help only while the rider pedals, cutting off at 20 and 28 mph; Class 2 motors can move the bike without pedaling but still cut off at 20 mph. Because an e-bike is legally a bicycle in the City of Grand Forks, riders of any class follow the same street, sidewalk and bike-lane rules as a pedal bicycle, not separate motor-vehicle rules.

(3)Bicycle means every device propelled solely by human power upon which any person may ride, having two (2) tandem wheels or two (2) parallel wheels and one (1) forward or rearward wheel. The term includes an electric bicycle. ... (16)Electric bicycle means a bicycle equipped with fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat for the rider, and an electric motor of seven hundred fifty (750) or fewer watts which meets the requirements of one (1) of the following three (3) classes:(A)Aclass 1 electric bicycle if the motor provides assistance only when the individual is pedaling and the motor ceases to provide assistance when a speed of twenty (20) miles (thirty-two (32) kilometers) per hour is achieved.(B)A class 2 electric bicycle if the motor is capable of propelling the bicycle without the individual pedaling and the motor ceases to provide assistance when a speed of twenty (20) miles (thirty-two (32) kilometers) per hour is achieved.(C)Aclass 3 electric bicycle if the motor provides assistance only when the individual is pedaling and the motor ceases to provide assistance when a speed of twenty-eight (28) miles (forty-five (45) kilometers) per hour is achieved.

Full Breakdown

City Code § 8-0101(3) defines "bicycle" to include an electric bicycle while excluding a motorized bicycle or commercial pedal car, and § 8-0101(16) caps the motor at 750 watts and sorts every e-bike into Class 1, 2 or 3 by how the motor behaves. Because the classes are folded into "bicycle," a rider in the City of Grand Forks answers to Article 11 rather than a separate e-bike code: § 8-1103 makes a cyclist subject to the same traffic regulations as a motor vehicle driver, and § 8-1104 allows bicycle riding on sidewalks only in residential districts, with a duty to stay under control, ride carefully, yield to pedestrians and give an audible signal before passing one. § 8-1106 keeps motor vehicles out of designated bicycle lanes except to cross them, so an e-bike rider gets the same right-of-way protection there as any cyclist.

Nothing in Chapter VIII creates a class-specific restriction, such as barring a Class 3 e-bike from a bike path or sidewalk that a Class 1 could use; the code treats the three classes identically for street and sidewalk access. The Grand Forks Police Department enforces the bicycle articles, and § 8-1503(6) sets the fine for the core cycling sections at a flat rate rather than scaling it by e-bike class.

Violations & Fines

A Grand Forks Police Department officer cites an e-bike rider under the same sections that apply to any bicycle. City Code § 8-1503(6) sets a $5.00 fine for each violation of §§ 8-1101, 8-1102, 8-1103, 8-1104 or 8-1109, covering riding more than two abreast, ignoring the sidewalk-in-residential-only rule, or attaching a bike to a moving vehicle. Bicycles run afoul of the article can also be impounded by police under § 8-1105. No section imposes a criminal charge, license suspension or class-based enhanced fine for e-bike riders.

Frequently Asked Questions

What separates a Class 1 e-bike from a Class 3 in Grand Forks?
Under City Code § 8-0101(16), a Class 1 electric bicycle's motor helps only while the rider pedals and cuts off at 20 mph. A Class 3 e-bike works the same way but keeps assisting up to 28 mph. Class 2 differs because its motor can move the bike without pedaling, though it still stops assisting at 20 mph.
Can I ride my e-bike on a Grand Forks sidewalk?
Only in a residential district. City Code § 8-1104 allows bicycles, which by definition include electric bicycles, on sidewalks in residential districts only, and the rider must keep the bike under control, ride carefully, yield to pedestrians and give an audible signal before passing one.
Does Grand Forks require a permit or registration for e-bikes?
No. Chapter VIII treats an electric bicycle as a bicycle, not a motor vehicle, so none of the state motor-vehicle registration, license plate or insurance rules that apply to a motorized bicycle or motorcycle under the same chapter reach an e-bike.
What is the fine for breaking a bicycle rule on an e-bike?
City Code § 8-1503(6) sets a flat $5.00 fine for violating §§ 8-1101, 8-1102, 8-1103, 8-1104 or 8-1109, the sidewalk, abreast-riding and traffic-regulation sections that apply to every bicycle operated in the City of Grand Forks, electric or not.

Sources & Official References

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