CC&R Enforcement
HOA Rules
How covenants, conditions, and restrictions are enforced, including violation notices, fines, lien authority, and legal remedies available to HOAs and homeowners.
How CC&R Enforcement Rules Differ by Place
San Francisco, CA: San Francisco HOA CC&R Enforcement Rules
Heavy RestrictionsCalifornia HOA CC&R enforcement is governed by the Davis-Stirling Act. AB 130 (2025) caps fines at $100 per violation. Boards must provide notice, a hearing opportunity, and followā¦
Apopka, FL: Hoa: Ccr Enforcement
Heavy RestrictionsApopka HOAs enforce recorded CC&Rs through fines (up to 100 dollars/day, 1,000 dollars aggregate), suspension of use rights, liens, and injunctive lawsuits under FL Ā§720.305.
Broward County, FL: Broward County HOA Covenant Enforcement
Heavy RestrictionsBroward County HOAs may levy fines up to 100 dollars per day capped at 1,000 dollars per violation, suspend use rights, and record liens. Fines over 1,000 dollars may be liened afterā¦
Chandler, AZ: Chandler Draws HOA vs. City Enforcement Line
Few RestrictionsChandler City Code Ā§ 40-5 states flatly that City Hall will not enforce a subdivision's CC&Rs: that's the Homeowners' Association's job and the individual property owners'. The City'sā¦
Peoria, AZ: Peoria AZ Zoning vs HOA Deed Rules
Few RestrictionsPeoria's zoning code does not enforce or override the CC&Rs, easements, or deed restrictions of a homeowners association. Section 21-106(E) says the City does not intend to interfereā¦
Alameda County, CA: HOA CC&R Enforcement in Alameda County
Few RestrictionsAlameda County HOAs enforce CC&Rs under Civil Code 5850-5865. Before imposing fines, associations must provide written notice, an opportunity to be heard, and a published schedule ofā¦
CC&R Enforcement Rules by State
Statewide law governs this topic in many states. Each entry links to that state's full page.
Arizona
Heavy RestrictionsArizona HOAs enforce CC&Rs, design rules, and bylaws, but A.R.S. Ā§ 33-1803 channels enforcement through a detailed violation-notice process. A member who gets a violation notice mayā¦
California
Heavy RestrictionsCalifornia overrides HOA governing documents on several owner protections. The Davis-Stirling Act and related Civil Code sections bar HOAs from prohibiting solar systems, U.S. flagā¦
Colorado
Heavy RestrictionsC.R.S. Ā§ 38-33.3-302 lets a Colorado association enforce covenants and 'levy reasonable fines' only 'after notice and an opportunity to be heard.' Architectural and landscapingā¦
Connecticut
Few RestrictionsConnecticut's CIOA limits what an association may ban. Under Ā§ 47-261b, an association may not prohibit the state flag or political/association signs, must keep U.S.-flag rulesā¦
District of Columbia
Few RestrictionsUnder D.C. Code Ā§ 8-1774.51 a condo, co-op, or homeowners association may not prohibit solar collectors on an owner's unit or a single-unit roof, and may not use aesthetic guidelinesā¦
Florida
Heavy RestrictionsUnder Fla. Stat. Ā§Ā§ 720.303 and 720.3035, a Florida HOA enforces its recorded covenants and architectural standards, but only where authority is stated or reasonably inferred in theā¦
Georgia
Heavy RestrictionsGeorgia gives homeowners few statutory protections against HOA covenants. There is NO Georgia statute barring an HOA from prohibiting solar panels: a 2022 bill (HB 483) to do so diedā¦
Hawaii
Some RestrictionsUnder Haw. Rev. Stat. Ā§ 421J-13, almost any dispute over interpreting or enforcing the association documents must, at any party's request, first go to mediation. Section 421J-10 awardsā¦
Idaho
Heavy RestrictionsIdaho has no statute setting general covenant or architectural-review standards: enforcement flows from the recorded declaration. The Homeowner's Association Act limits HOA power inā¦
Illinois
Some RestrictionsIllinois HOAs enforce their declaration, bylaws, and rules under the Common Interest Community Association Act. Rule violations are pursued through the 765 ILCS 160/1-30(g) fine powerā¦
Indiana
Some RestrictionsCovenant and architectural enforcement in Indiana flows from the recorded declaration, not the HOA Act. The Act (Ind. Code Ā§ 32-25.5) does not script architectural review, violationā¦
Kansas
Some RestrictionsKansas protects a few owner displays from HOA bans. Under K.S.A. 58-4617 an association may not prohibit the U.S. flag (rules must follow federal law), the Kansas flag, or candidateā¦
Kentucky
Few RestrictionsKentucky overrides HOA documents in only a narrow area. KRS 381.800 voids any governing-document provision that bans political yard signs, and that override applies to all plannedā¦
Louisiana
Some RestrictionsLouisiana treats recorded covenants as "building restrictions" - real obligations governed by La. Civ. Code arts. 775-783. They are enforced by injunction under art. 779 (mandatory orā¦
Maryland
Few RestrictionsMaryland overrides HOA covenants on several fronts: Real Prop. Ā§ 2-119 bars unreasonable limits on solar collectors, Ā§ 14-128 protects the U.S. flag, Ā§ 11B-111.2 protectsā¦
Massachusetts
Few RestrictionsMassachusetts overrides some HOA and condo restrictions by statute. M.G.L. c. 184 Ā§ 23C voids deed covenants and condo-document provisions that forbid or unreasonably restrict solarā¦
Michigan
Some RestrictionsMichigan condo associations enforce the master deed, bylaws, and rules through MCL 559.165, which makes compliance mandatory, backed by fines, injunctions, and liens. Non-condo HOAsā¦
Minnesota
Few RestrictionsMinnesota law overrides HOA covenants in two areas. Minn. Stat. Ā§ 500.216 bars associations from prohibiting roof-mounted solar on qualifying single-family homes, and Minn. Stat. Ā§ā¦
Missouri
Some RestrictionsWith no general HOA statute, Missouri covenant and architectural-control disputes turn on the recorded declaration and common-law rules of restrictive covenants. One statutory overlayā¦
Montana
Some RestrictionsMontana covenant and architectural disputes turn on the recorded declaration and common-law rules of restrictive covenants. Section 70-17-210 sets who may enforce a covenant andā¦
Nevada
Some RestrictionsNevada law overrides HOA restrictions in several areas: NRS 278.0208 voids CC&Rs that prohibit or unreasonably restrict solar energy systems, NRS 116.320 protects display of the U.Sā¦
New Jersey
Some RestrictionsNew Jersey associations enforce recorded covenants and architectural standards through their declaration, but PREDFDA's Radburn regulations require associations to make alternativeā¦
New Mexico
Some RestrictionsNMSA 47-16-18 governs how a New Mexico HOA enforces its 'community documents' (declaration, bylaws, articles and rules). The association must give written notice and an opportunity toā¦
New York
Some RestrictionsNew York voids HOA bans on solar power and EV charging. Real Property Law Ā§ 342 (Solar Rights Act) makes any restriction effectively prohibiting a solar system unenforceable and voidā¦
North Carolina
Few RestrictionsNorth Carolina law overrides certain HOA restrictions. G.S. 22B-20 voids covenants that prohibit residential solar collectors (with narrow visibility exceptions). G.S. 47F-3-121ā¦
North Dakota
Few RestrictionsNorth Dakota places almost no statutory limits on HOA authority. N.D.C.C. Ā§ 47-04.1-14 bars a condominium covenant from prohibiting a political yard sign. The solar-easement law (Ā§ā¦
Ohio
Some RestrictionsOhio overrides HOA governing documents on two owner protections. R.C. 5312.16 (S.B. 61, eff. 2022) bars a planned community from banning solar collection devices unless the declarationā¦
Oklahoma
Few RestrictionsCC&R and architectural enforcement in Oklahoma rests on the recorded declaration and common law. The Real Estate Development Act lets both the association and individual owners sue toā¦
Oregon
Heavy RestrictionsOregon HOAs may enforce the declaration, bylaws, and rules through fines, litigation, or administrative action, but must first offer a county dispute-resolution program for adversarialā¦
Texas
Some RestrictionsA Texas HOA enforces its recorded restrictive covenants (Tex. Prop. Code Ch. 202), but Chapter 209 controls the procedure: Ā§ 209.006 requires certified-mail notice and a cureā¦
Utah
Some RestrictionsA Utah HOA board may adopt and amend rules and design criteria under Utah Code Ā§ 57-8a-217, but only with 15 days' advance notice to owners, an open forum, and a copy of the changeā¦
Virginia
Some RestrictionsVirginia's Ā§ 55.1-1819 empowers a property owners' association to adopt and enforce rules governing the development, including architectural and use restrictions in the recordedā¦
Washington
Heavy RestrictionsWashington HOAs may adopt and enforce rules and architectural standards and enforce the recorded declaration. Under WUCIOA, RCW 64.90.405 authorizes rule adoption and enforcementā¦
West Virginia
Some RestrictionsWest Virginia protects solar access: under W. Va. Code Ā§ 36-4-19, housing-association covenants that prohibit or restrict installing a solar energy system are void and unenforceableā¦
Wisconsin
Few RestrictionsWisconsin overrides anti-solar and anti-wind HOA restrictions by statute. Wis. Stat. Ā§ 236.292 voids restrictions on platted land that prevent or unduly restrict solar or wind energyā¦
Cities & Counties with CC&R Enforcement Rules
216 locations
Arkansas
California
Florida
North Carolina
Other HOA Rules Topics
Board Procedures
Rules governing HOA board meetings, elections, transparency requirements, and voting procedures for homeowners.
Architectural Review
Standards and approval processes for exterior modifications including paint colors, additions, fencing, landscaping changes, and solar panel installation.
Assessment & Dues
Rules about regular assessments, special assessments, collection procedures, late fees, and what happens when homeowners fall behind on dues.
Dispute Resolution
Processes for resolving conflicts between homeowners and the HOA board, including mediation requirements, hearing procedures, and state oversight.
HOA Disputes
Internal dispute-resolution processes required by statute, ombuds programs, and when a homeowner can sue the board directly without exhausting internal remedies.
HOA Fines & Enforcement
Statutory caps on HOA fine amounts, notice-and-hearing requirements before fines can be assessed, and how unpaid fines become liens against the property.
Lien & Foreclosure Limits
What an association must clear before it can foreclose on a home for unpaid assessments: minimum debt thresholds, waiting periods, mandatory notice and payment-plan offers, and theā¦
Board Governance
Governance structure of the HOA (board composition, term lengths, election procedures), open-meeting requirements, and member voting rights under state statutes.
Flag Display Rights
When an association may restrict flags on a lot and when it may not, the federal floor protecting the American flag, and state statutes extending that protection to state, militaryā¦
Clotheslines & Energy Devices
Right-to-dry statutes that void covenants banning outdoor clotheslines and drying racks, plus the broader energy-device provisions covering heat pumps, rain barrels, and similarā¦
EV Charger Rights
Statutory rights to install an electric vehicle charging station in a deeded or exclusive-use parking space, the approval conditions an association may still attach, and who carriesā¦
Drought Landscaping Rights
Laws barring an association from requiring live turf or fining a homeowner for a brown lawn during declared drought or water restrictions, and the water-efficient and nativeā¦
Rental Restriction Limits
How far an association may go in banning or capping leasing, grandfathering for owners who already rent, minimum-lease-term and cap-percentage rules, and the member vote thresholdsā¦