Pop. 61,753 · Sumner County
Hendersonville's quiet-hour rule lives in Hendersonville Municipal Code Title 11 (Municipal Offenses), Chapter 4 (Offenses Against the Peace and Quiet). Section 11-402(1)(b) targets…
Hendersonville expressly caps construction activity in Hendersonville Municipal Code Section 11-402(1)(h): 'Construction activities, including demolition and street repair, are…
Barking-dog and other animal-noise complaints in Hendersonville are enforced under Hendersonville Municipal Code Section 11-402(1)(d) (Pets), which prohibits 'the keeping of any…
Hendersonville's industrial-noise enforcement runs through Hendersonville Municipal Code Section 11-403(3), which caps noise from any 'business or commercial facility' at 65 dBA…
Hendersonville has no leaf-blower-specific ordinance and does not ban gas-powered leaf blowers. Residential and commercial leaf-blower use is regulated through the general anti-noise…
Hendersonville Municipal Code Section 11-403(3) sets explicit dBA caps for business and commercial facilities: 65 dBA between 9 p.m.-6 a.m. (Sun-Thu) and 11 p.m.-6 a.m. (Fri-Sat), and…
Amplified music in Hendersonville is regulated by Hendersonville Municipal Code Section 11-402(1)(b) (radios, phonographs, instruments, loudspeakers) and Section 11-402(1)(k) and (l)…
Outdoor music in Hendersonville is governed by Hendersonville Municipal Code Section 11-403(2), which prohibits any facility within 50 feet of a residence or natural conservation area…
Hendersonville is approximately 20-25 minutes northeast of Nashville International Airport (BNA / KBNA) and roughly 15 minutes northeast of John C. Tune Airport (JWN / KJWN)…
Short-term rentals in Hendersonville TN collect a four-layer tax stack on every reservation of fewer than 30 continuous days: 7% Tennessee state sales tax under TCA 67-6-202, 1.5%…
Hendersonville's STR ordinance does not codify a specific minimum dollar amount of liability insurance as a condition of the Use and Occupancy Permit; the Codes Department's inspection…
Operating a short-term/vacation rental in the City of Hendersonville is categorically prohibited in all residential zoning districts and is permitted only in two commercial zones: Old…
Hendersonville does not impose a primary-residence-only rule for permitted commercial-zone short-term rentals - investor-owned, LLC-owned, and out-of-state-owned STRs may operate in…
Hendersonville's STR framework requires off-street parking adequate for guest vehicles as a condition of the Engineered Site Plan approval and the Use and Occupancy Permit issued by…
Hendersonville does not codify STR-specific quiet hours or a decibel table separate from the citywide noise framework. STR guests in the permitted commercial zones (OTC, GC) and at any…
Hendersonville does not impose a host-presence (hosted-only / on-site host) requirement for permitted commercial-zone short-term rentals in the Old Town Commercial (OTC) and General…
Hendersonville's STR program does not impose a flat citywide guest headcount but caps occupancy through the Engineered Site Plan and the building/life-safety inspection conducted by…
Hendersonville does not impose a fixed annual cap on the number of nights a permitted short-term rental may host. There is no '90-day,' '113-day,' '120-day,' or '180-day' booking limit…
STR registration in Hendersonville is a multi-step, commercial-zone-only process. Operators must first confirm that the property is located in the Old Town Commercial (OTC) or General…
The Hendersonville Fire Department exempts cooking, ceremonial, and recreational fires - including backyard fire pits, chimineas, smokeless fire pits, barbecues, and outdoor fireplaces…
A Controlled Burn Permit is required from the Hendersonville Fire Department for any open fire on private or commercial property within city limits, except for cooking, ceremonial, or…
Backyard fires in Hendersonville fall into three categories under Title 7 of the Hendersonville Municipal Code, which adopts the 2021 IFC (effective July 1, 2025): (1) cooking…
Title 7, Chapter 4 of the Hendersonville Municipal Code (Fireworks) requires a permit issued by the Fire Department for the discharge of consumer fireworks within the city limits…
Hendersonville sits on Old Hickory Lake in Sumner County in Middle Tennessee and is not within a federally mapped Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) zone. Tennessee does not adopt the…
Hendersonville requires property owners to maintain their lots free of accumulated brush and overgrown vegetation under the City's property-maintenance provisions (enforced through…
Smoke alarm requirements in Hendersonville homes follow Tennessee Code Annotated 68-120-112 (Smoke alarms and carbon monoxide alarms in residential buildings) and the 2021…
Propane (LP-gas) storage, use, and dispensing in Hendersonville is regulated by the Tennessee LP-Gas Code (Tennessee adoption of NFPA 58) under the Liquefied Petroleum Safety Act of…
Hendersonville does not impose a citywide overnight parking ban on passenger vehicles. The functional limits come from Title 15 (Motor Vehicles, Traffic and Parking) of the…
Driveway design, dimensions, and surfacing in Hendersonville are governed by Chapter 11.2 (Off-Street Parking and Loading) of the City of Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance, with Figure 4…
Section 10.4.17 of the City of Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance allows residential commercial-vehicle parking only as an accessory use and only within strict size limits: one commercial…
Curb markings and colored-curb paint on Hendersonville public streets are installed only by the city under Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) standards as referenced in…
Hendersonville treats RV, camper, travel trailer, motor home, boat and boat trailer parking as a residential accessory use under Section 10.4.17 of the Zoning Ordinance: they may not…
Hendersonville has explicit size caps on residential oversized-vehicle storage. Under Section 10.4.17 of the City of Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance, the only permitted residential…
Street parking in Hendersonville is governed primarily by Title 15 (Motor Vehicles, Traffic and Parking) of the Hendersonville Municipal Code and by Tennessee Code Annotated 55-8-160…
Hendersonville regulates EV charging equipment under Sections 10.4.9 (EV Charging Equipment, Minor) and 10.4.10 (EV Charging Equipment, Major) of the City of Hendersonville Zoning…
Abandoned vehicles in Hendersonville are governed primarily by Tennessee Code Annotated Title 55, Chapter 16 (Unclaimed or Abandoned Vehicles). Under TCA 55-16-105, a police department…
Loading zones in Hendersonville are installed and signed by the city under Title 15 (Motor Vehicles, Traffic and Parking) of the Hendersonville Municipal Code and follow Manual on…
All swimming pools, spas, and hot tubs in Hendersonville require a building permit from the Building & Codes Department (101 Maple Drive North, 615-822-3802, codes@hvilletn.org). The…
Hendersonville's pool safety rules come from the City-adopted 2021 ISPSC (effective July 1, 2025) plus the 2020 NEC (Article 680) and the City's Swimming Pool Plan Submittal Checklist…
Hot tubs and spas in Hendersonville require a permit from Building & Codes (615-822-3802) under the City-adopted 2021 ISPSC and 2020 NEC. ISPSC barrier requirements (Section 305)…
Hendersonville pool barriers are governed by Section 305 of the 2021 International Swimming Pool and Spa Code as adopted by the City effective July 1, 2025. Barriers must be at least…
An above-ground pool deep enough to hold more than 24 inches of water needs a county pool permit in unincorporated Sumner County. The 2021 building code's barrier rules apply, though a…
Converting a garage to habitable space in Hendersonville requires a building permit from the Codes Department under the Tennessee-adopted IRC. If the conversion adds a kitchen and…
Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance Chapter 10.4 (Accessory Buildings) allows up to 2 accessory buildings on a residential property, placed in the rear yard or beside the house (no closer…
Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance Chapter 10.4 permits an Accessory Apartment (attached to the principal dwelling) OR a Detached Accessory Dwelling — but never both on the same lot…
Carports in Hendersonville are accessory structures regulated under Zoning Ordinance Chapter 10.4. Detached carports must follow the standard accessory-building setbacks: 10 ft side in…
Tiny homes in Hendersonville must comply with the Tennessee-adopted 2018 IRC (including Appendix Q for dwellings 400 sq ft or less). A site-built tiny home on a permanent foundation is…
The City of Hendersonville does not have a breed-specific dog ban. Pit bulls, Rottweilers, and other commonly-restricted breeds are legal to own in Hendersonville. Tennessee has no…
Title 10 of the Hendersonville Municipal Code (Animal Control) follows the standard MTAS Tennessee municipal pattern: it is unlawful to allow cattle, horses, mules, sheep, goats…
The City of Hendersonville Municipal Code Title 10 (Animal Control) governs running-at-large of poultry and livestock inside the corporate limits. Backyard hens are allowed as a…
The City of Hendersonville Municipal Code does not contain a beekeeping-specific ordinance. Beekeeping in Hendersonville is governed by the Tennessee Apiary Act of 1995 (TCA 44-15-101…
The City of Hendersonville Municipal Code does not include a city-specific wildlife-feeding ordinance, and state-level Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) rules govern. Sumner…
Title 10 of the Hendersonville Municipal Code (Animal Control) prohibits dogs from running at large within the corporate city limits. State law reinforces this: Tennessee Code…
The City of Hendersonville Municipal Code does not authorize keeping wild or exotic animals as personal pets within the corporate limits. Exotic-animal possession is governed at the…
Tennessee animal cruelty statutes apply uniformly statewide and treat aggravated cruelty as a felony, allowing prosecution of hoarding cases regardless of city or county ordinances.
Hendersonville fence heights are set by Chapter 10.4.9 of the Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance, administered by the Planning Department (101 Maple Drive North, 615-264-5316). The…
A Fence Permit shall be secured from the Hendersonville Planning Department prior to construction per the City's published Residential Fence Standards and Chapter 10.4.9 of the Zoning…
Hendersonville restricts fence materials by Design Guideline in Chapter 10.4.9 of the Zoning Ordinance. The approved list includes treated wood/cedar/redwood, simulated wood…
Hendersonville fences are governed by Chapter 10.4.9 of the Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance (administered by the Planning Department, 615-264-5316). Permits are required prior to…
Neither the Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance nor the Hendersonville Municipal Code contains a 'good-side-out' requirement, a partition-fence statute, or a mandatory cost-sharing rule…
Retaining walls in Hendersonville are regulated under the City-adopted 2021 International Residential Code and 2021 International Building Code (effective July 1, 2025) and require a…
Residential pool barriers in Hendersonville must comply with the City-adopted 2021 International Swimming Pool and Spa Code (effective July 1, 2025). Under ISPSC Section 305, the…
Per Chapter 10.4.9 of the Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance, residential fences must be constructed of treated wood, cedar, or redwood; simulated wood (vinyl-covered, synthetic…
Hendersonville has been a Tree City USA community for 32 years (designated by the Arbor Day Foundation through 2023) and also received a Tree City USA Growth Award (26 years), so it…
Hendersonville regulates weeds through the 2021 International Property Maintenance Code (adopted by Ord. No. 2025-05). IPMC § 302.4 prohibits weeds or plant growth in excess of the…
Hendersonville does not mandate native landscaping on private residential property, but the City's landscape standards require that 'for each development site, at least 75 percent of…
The City of Hendersonville does not have a specific ordinance prohibiting or regulating artificial turf on residential lots. Synthetic turf may be installed in rear and side yards…
The City of Hendersonville has adopted the 2021 International Property Maintenance Code (IPMC) by Ordinance No. 2025-05, enforced by the Property Maintenance Inspector (615-590-4662)…
The City of Hendersonville Planning Department issues a Tree Removal Permit (application and checklist available under Application & Submittal Information). Tree Survey and Tree…
Rainwater harvesting is legal and unregulated for residential non-potable use throughout Tennessee, including Hendersonville. There are no volume limits, no permit requirements, and no…
Hendersonville is served by the Hendersonville Utility District (HUD), an independent utility serving more than 45,000 people in 14,000 homes/businesses across the greater…
Hendersonville requires every home-based business to obtain a Minor Home Occupation Permit from the Planning Department under Chapter 10.4.10. The application is an affidavit-style…
Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance Chapter 10.4.10 flatly prohibits customers, clients, or the like on the premises of a Minor Home Occupation. Off-premises customer interaction (online…
The Tennessee Food Freedom Act (TCA § 53-1-118), enacted by SB 693 in 2022 and expanded by HB 130 in 2025, lets a homemade-food producer sell directly to consumers with NO sales cap…
Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance Chapter 10.4.10 prohibits exterior alterations that change the residential character of the principal building, including exterior business signs…
Family child care in Tennessee is governed by TCA § 71-3-501 et seq. and Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1240-04-01-.20: 5-7 unrelated children is a 'family child care home' requiring a license…
Hendersonville Zoning Ordinance Chapter 10.4.10 allows a Minor Home Occupation as an accessory use in any residential dwelling, but with strict limits: no on-site customers, no…
All new exterior lighting installed within the zoning jurisdiction of the City of Hendersonville must comply with the outdoor lighting standards in Chapter 46, Article VI of the…
Sumner County's Zoning Resolution requires all site lighting to be shielded so directly emitted light stays within the property line, and caps glare at 0.5 foot-candles at a…
Hendersonville participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and is regulated by the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) for Sumner County. Special Flood Hazard Areas…
Hendersonville enforces erosion and sediment control through Title 18 of the Hendersonville Municipal Code (revised September 10, 2024) and through the TDEC NPDES Construction General…
Grading, drainage, and post-construction stormwater quality in Hendersonville are regulated by Title 18 of the Hendersonville Municipal Code (revised September 10, 2024) and by the…
Hendersonville is a Phase II MS4 community permitted by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) and operates its stormwater program under Title 18 of the…
Tennessee is landlocked, so no coastal law applies. Building near Old Hickory Lake, the Cumberland River, or its creeks triggers floodplain rules and federal Army Corps of Engineers…
Hendersonville enforces property blight, junk, and nuisance conditions through its Zoning Enforcement program and the 2021 International Property Maintenance Code (IPMC), adopted…
Hendersonville applies the 2021 International Property Maintenance Code (IPMC) — adopted effective 7/1/2025 — to all properties including vacant lots. IPMC Section 302.4 (Weeds)…
Residential trash collection in Hendersonville is provided by Waste Pro under contract to the City, coordinated by Public Works (615-822-1016). Standard service is once-a-week curbside…
Hendersonville does NOT publish a separate yard-sale permit program for residents holding occasional sales of personal household items at their own home. Recurring/commercial-scale…
Snow is rare in the Nashville metro, and Sumner County imposes no routine sidewalk snow-clearing duty on residents. Owners are still expected to keep walkways clear of debris and…
Tennessee has no statewide heritage-tree statute, and the City of Hendersonville does not separately codify a 'heritage tree' designation. However, the Tennessee Urban Forestry Council…
Hendersonville's tree-protection framework operates through four layers: (1) Tree City USA designation (32 years through 2023, plus 26 Growth Awards) — requiring a tree…
On regulated development sites in Hendersonville, the Site Plan and Design Review Checklist requires a Tree Replacement Plan alongside the Tree Survey, and the City's landscape…
The City of Hendersonville Planning Department issues a Tree Removal Permit — the application and a Tree Removal Permit Application Checklist are published on the City's Application &…
There are NO marijuana dispensaries in Hendersonville or anywhere in Tennessee — the state has not authorized commercial medical or recreational cannabis sales. There is no state…
Home cultivation of marijuana is PROHIBITED in Hendersonville and across Tennessee. Tennessee has no recreational marijuana program and no commercial medical marijuana program. The…
Campaign signs in Hendersonville are governed by the Tennessee Freedom of Speech Act (TCA 2-7-143, enacted by Public Chapter 294 in 2017 with amendments in 2022), which preempts local…
Hendersonville's Sign Ordinance (Chapter 13 of the Zoning Ordinance) does not impose a calendar take-down date for residential holiday lights, wreaths, garlands, or seasonal…
Hendersonville treats garage/yard sale signs as temporary signs under Chapter 13 of the Zoning Ordinance. Residential temporary ground signs (no banners) are limited to 30 days per…
Hendersonville residential building setbacks are set by zoning district in Title 14 (Zoning) Chapter 10.3 (district dimensional standards). The city's primary residential districts…
Sumner County's Zoning Resolution caps building height at 35 feet in its Agricultural Reserve, Rural Residential, and Suburban Residential districts, with mobile home community…
Sumner County's Zoning Resolution caps lot coverage by district: 20% for homes in the Agricultural Reserve and Rural Residential zones, 25% in Suburban Residential, and up to 50% for…
Tennessee does NOT have a strong statewide solar-rights statute that overrides HOA restrictions — a sharp contrast with Florida, California, Texas, Colorado, and Arizona. The Tennessee…
Residential rooftop and small ground-mount solar in Hendersonville requires a building permit and a separate electrical permit. Hendersonville's Codes Department (codes@hvilletn.org)…
Hendersonville requires all residents to have trash containers at the curb by 6:00 AM on their assigned service day. Standard curbside service is limited to two cans (up to 96-gallon…
Residential solid waste collection in Hendersonville is governed by Title 17 (Refuse and Trash Disposal), Chapter 2 (Solid Waste Disposal) of the Hendersonville Municipal Code. The…
Hendersonville residents may set out up to TWO bulk items per week with regular Waste Pro curbside collection. Acceptable bulk items include stoves, refrigerators, water tanks/heaters…
Recycling is voluntary in Sumner County. Tennessee sets no residential recycling mandate. Residents drop off recyclables at the Resource Authority's recycle convenience center at no…
Federal law governs the airspace over Hendersonville — the FAA's Part 107 covers commercial flight and 49 U.S.C. § 44809 covers recreational flight (400 ft AGL cap, visual line of…
Commercial drone operators follow FAA 14 CFR Part 107: hold a Remote Pilot Certificate, register the aircraft, stay below 400 feet, keep visual line of sight. Tennessee's §39-13-903…
Under Zoning Ordinance Chapter 10.6.3.6, Hendersonville mobile vendors are permitted in all commercial districts only. The Planning Department enforces specific siting standards…
Mobile food vendors in Hendersonville are regulated under Chapter 10.6.3.6 of the Zoning Ordinance, administered by the Planning Department (615-264-5316). Mobile vendors are permitted…
Door-to-door sales are licensed by each Sumner County city, not the county. Gallatin, Hendersonville, Portland, and White House require commercial solicitors to register, pass a…
Sumner County residents stop solicitors mainly by posting a no-soliciting sign; several cities also keep a no-knock list. A registered solicitor who ignores a posted notice or listed…
Sumner County runs no rental registration or landlord-licensing program, and Tennessee has no statewide registry. A landlord owes the county no permit, filing, or per-unit fee to rent…
Neither Sumner County nor Gallatin, Hendersonville, or Portland can cap rent. Tenn. Code Ann. §66-35-102 bars every Tennessee local government from enacting rent control. Landlords set…
Tennessee has no just-cause eviction law. In Sumner County a landlord may end a month-to-month tenancy without giving a reason, using the 30-day written notice under Tenn. Code Ann…
In URLTA counties, Tenn. Code 66-28-505 gives a tenant 14 days to cure nonpayment of rent or another remediable breach before the lease terminates. Dangerous or violent conduct allows…
In URLTA counties, Tenn. Code 66-28-304 requires landlords to comply with building and housing codes, make repairs to keep the unit fit and habitable, keep common areas clean and safe…
In URLTA counties, a Tennessee landlord must give at least 24 hours' notice before entering to show the unit to prospective tenants in the last 30 days of tenancy, may enter without…
In URLTA counties, Tenn. Code 66-28-201(d) caps any late fee at 10% of the rent past due and requires a five-day grace period before a fee may be charged. If the grace period ends on a…
In URLTA counties, Tenn. Code 66-28-512 lets either party end a month-to-month tenancy with at least 30 days' written notice before the periodic rental date, and a week-to-week tenancy…
Tennessee has no statute setting a rent-increase notice period, a rent-control limit, or a cap on how much a landlord may raise rent. The amount and timing of increases are governed…
Tennessee sets no statutory cap on security deposits. Under Tenn. Code Ann. § 66-28-301, landlords in counties over 75,000 must hold deposits in a separate account, let the tenant…
Tennessee adverse possession requires 7 years of possession when the claimant holds recorded color of title (Tenn. Code 28-2-101 to -102), or 20 years of open, continuous, hostile…
The unincorporated county requires no permit for a household yard sale; the zoning resolution lists it as a permitted accessory use on your own residential lot, subject to duration and…
Sumner County's zoning resolution caps residential yard sales at no more than four per year, with each sale lasting no more than three days in any ninety-day period. Exceeding that…
Sumner County's zoning resolution sets no fixed opening and closing hours for yard sales, so daytime hours are customary. The real time limit is duration: no more than three days per…
Tennessee sets a countywide child curfew by statute (Tenn. Code Ann. §39-17-1702): minors 17 to 18 must be off public places 11 PM to 6 AM on weeknights and midnight to 6 AM on…
Sumner County parks, city parks, and the Corps of Engineers day-use areas around Old Hickory Lake close at posted hours, generally dawn to dusk or a fixed evening time. Being in a…
Tennessee prohibits local governments from setting minimum wages above the federal floor under T.C.A. 50-2-112, reserving wage authority exclusively to the state.
Tennessee bars local governments from mandating paid sick or family leave on private employers under T.C.A. 50-2-112, leaving leave decisions to employer discretion.
Tennessee preempts local predictive scheduling and fair workweek ordinances under T.C.A. 50-2-112, preventing cities from regulating private employer scheduling practices.
Tennessee allows permitless concealed and open carry for adults 21 and older (or qualified 18-20 year olds) under T.C.A. 39-17-1307 and 1351, with optional enhanced and concealed…
Tennessee law preempts virtually all local regulation of firearms, ammunition, and components, reserving authority exclusively to the state legislature under T.C.A. 39-17-1314.
Open carry of handguns is lawful in Tennessee under permitless carry, but rifles and shotguns are subject to general unlawful-carry rules in T.C.A. 39-17-1307.
Tennessee allows eligible adults to carry handguns openly or concealed in private motor vehicles without a permit under T.C.A. 39-17-1351 and 39-17-1307, preempting stricter local…
Tennessee has no general HOA assessment statute. For condominiums, T.C.A. § 66-27-415 gives the association an automatic lien for unpaid assessments and fines, foreclosable by judicial…
Condominium boards act under T.C.A. § 66-27-403, and § 66-27-417 makes financial and other records "reasonably available" to owners. Subdivision HOAs run under the Tennessee Nonprofit…
Tennessee has no statute on subdivision covenant enforcement. CC&Rs and architectural rules are enforced as recorded restrictive covenants under common law, which Tennessee courts…
Tennessee sets no dollar cap on HOA fines. A condominium board acts on the association's behalf under T.C.A. § 66-27-403 and may impose fines under the declaration and bylaws after…
Tennessee protects U.S. and military flag display: T.C.A. § 66-27-602 bars an HOA from prohibiting it, allowing only reasonable placement rules. Tennessee's Solar Access Law (T.C.A. §…
Tennessee requires private employers with 35 or more employees to use the federal E-Verify program to confirm work authorization under T.C.A. 50-1-703.
Tennessee bans sanctuary policies statewide under T.C.A. 7-68-101 and following, requiring local governments to cooperate with federal immigration authorities or lose state funding.
Tennessee limits local zoning interference with bona fide farm operations under T.C.A. 13-7-114 and Right to Farm protections in T.C.A. 43-26-103, preserving rural land use rights.
The Tennessee Right to Farm Act under T.C.A. 43-26-103 protects established farms from nuisance suits when operations existed for at least one year before the complaint.
Tennessee preempts local plastic bag bans and fees under T.C.A. § 7-51-2002 (enacted 2019), which makes the state the exclusive regulator of auxiliary containers such as bags.
Tennessee bars local bans, fees, or taxes on polystyrene foam containers under T.C.A. § 7-51-2002, which makes the state the exclusive regulator of auxiliary food and drink containers.
Tennessee preempts local plastic straw bans through the auxiliary-container statute, T.C.A. § 7-51-2002, leaving straw distribution unregulated at the municipal level.
Tennessee prohibits the sale of tobacco, hemp, and vapor products to anyone under 21 under T.C.A. 39-17-1504, aligned with the federal Tobacco 21 standard adopted in 2019.
Tennessee does not impose a statewide flavor ban on tobacco or vape products, and local flavor bans are generally preempted by uniform state licensing under Title 39, Chapter 17, Part…
Tennessee regulates vapor product retailers under T.C.A. 39-17-1504 and related statutes, requiring age verification, restricting youth access, and prohibiting sales to those under 21.