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Yorba Linda Municipal Code Chapter 8.32 sets residential exterior limits of 55 dB(A) daytime (7 a.m.-10 p.m.) and 50 dB(A) nighttime (10 p.m.-7 a.m.). Interior limits also apply overnight, and violations are misdemeanors.
Yorba Linda Municipal Code Section 8.32.090(D) exempts construction, repair, remodeling, and grading noise only from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. on weekdays including Saturday, and prohibits it entirely on Sundays and federal holidays.
Yorba Linda adopts Orange County's animal regulations by reference in YLMC Chapter 6.04, and OC Animal Care enforces barking-dog complaints. A barking dog is a public nuisance under the County standard the City has adopted.
Yorba Linda has no dedicated leaf-blower ordinance. Leaf blowers fall under the general noise standards and the residential-maintenance hours of Municipal Code Chapter 8.32, and under California's statewide small-engine emissions rules.
Yorba Linda Municipal Code Section 8.32.150 requires a City permit for any loudspeaker, PA, sound-amplification system, or musical instrument audible outside a building. Permitted equipment cannot be used between 11 p.m. and 8 a.m.
Yorba Linda Municipal Code Section 10.04.140 bars advertising vehicles with sound-amplifying devices after sunset or before 7 a.m. General vehicle exhaust and modified-muffler noise is governed by the California Vehicle Code, enforced by police.
Yorba Linda Municipal Code Section 8.32.060 sets residential exterior limits of 55 dB(A) daytime and 50 dB(A) nighttime, with graduated allowances above those levels for shorter durations and a 5 dB(A) reduction for tonal or music noise.
Outdoor and live music in Yorba Linda is regulated by Chapter 8.32. Any amplified music audible outside a building needs a City permit (Section 8.32.150), and permitted equipment cannot run between 11 p.m. and 8 a.m.
Industrial and fixed equipment noise in Yorba Linda is limited by Chapter 8.32's residential dB(A) standards and by the zoning performance standards in Section 18.10.110, which cap sound at residential-zone boundaries.
Yorba Linda has no authority over aircraft in flight. The FAA and pilots control flight paths, and the City directs residents to file complaints with the FAA, John Wayne Airport, or Fullerton Municipal Airport. No major airport adjoins the City.
Yorba Linda sets no short-term rental occupancy limit because STRs are banned outright under Chapter 5.50. There is no guest-count formula for STRs since none may lawfully operate. General building and zoning occupancy standards still govern lawful long-term rentals.
Yorba Linda has no short-term rental parking rule because STRs are banned under Chapter 5.50. No guest-parking standard exists for a use that cannot lawfully operate. General residential and on-street parking rules still apply to all vehicles citywide.
Yorba Linda has no STR-specific noise clause because short-term rentals are banned under Chapter 5.50. The City's general noise and nuisance provisions still govern all residents. Guest-noise complaints usually lead the City to enforce the STR ban itself.
Yorba Linda has no primary-residence STR rule because short-term rentals are banned entirely under Chapter 5.50. Neither owner-occupied nor investor-owned homes may be rented for under 30 consecutive days; occupancy status makes no difference to the prohibition.
Yorba Linda has no host-presence rule because short-term rentals are banned under Chapter 5.50. Being on-site, or naming a local contact, cannot legalize a rental under 30 consecutive days. Both hosted and unhosted stays are prohibited citywide.
Yorba Linda has no annual night cap because short-term rentals are banned entirely under Chapter 5.50. The effective limit is zero nights: no home may be rented for fewer than 30 consecutive days at any time during the year.
Yorba Linda sets no short-term rental insurance requirement because STRs are banned under Chapter 5.50. There is no liability-coverage minimum for a use that cannot lawfully operate. Carrying insurance does not authorize a rental under 30 consecutive days.
Yorba Linda does not issue short-term rental permits. Chapter 5.50 of the Municipal Code bans STRs in every residential zone, so there is no application, license, or approval path for renting a home for fewer than 30 consecutive days anywhere in the city.
Yorba Linda has no short-term rental registry. Because Chapter 5.50 prohibits STRs outright, there is no host registration, business license, or self-certification program for rentals under 30 days. The only City action for STRs is code enforcement against unlawful listings.
Yorba Linda's 10% Transient Occupancy Tax under Municipal Code Chapter 3.28 applies to hotels and motels, not to short-term rentals, which are banned under Chapter 5.50. Because no legal STR exists, there is no STR permit fee and no way to remit TOT as a home rental.
Orange County may revoke a short-term rental operator permit after repeated nuisance, noise, or occupancy violations at the same property. The county uses a graduated enforcement approach with warnings, fines, and ultimately permit revocation for habitual offenders.
Hosting platforms like Airbnb and VRBO are expected to display valid OC short-term rental permit numbers on listings and may face liability for facilitating unpermitted rentals in unincorporated Orange County. The county can pursue platform-level enforcement when listings lack permits.
Orange County does not impose a separate extended home-share category for partial-unit rentals exceeding hosted-only night caps. All short-term rentals in unincorporated areas operate under a single STR operator permit regime regardless of duration.
Propane and LP-gas storage in Yorba Linda is regulated by the 2022 California Fire Code adopted under Municipal Code Chapter 15.08 and enforced by OCFA. Fire Code Chapter 61 sets container, separation, and permit rules. Larger aggregate quantities require an OCFA permit; small household cylinders for grills are generally exempt.
Yorba Linda contains Moderate, High, and Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones under the 2025 CAL FIRE maps, with over 4,700 of roughly 6,500 hazard-zoned acres mapped Very High. VHFHSZ properties must maintain defensible space, meet stricter building standards, and comply with OCFA fuel-modification rules; sellers must disclose the hazard
All fireworks are banned in Yorba Linda under Municipal Code Chapter 8.16, including state-approved 'Safe and Sane' items. It is unlawful to sell, give away, purchase, possess, or discharge any fireworks. Only City Council-permitted public displays under the County Fire Warden are allowed.
Yorba Linda adopts the 2022 California Fire Code under Municipal Code Chapter 15.08, enforced by the Orange County Fire Authority. Section 307 governs fire pits and portable outdoor fireplaces. Gas-fueled units are allowed with approval; wood or solid-fuel burning is prohibited in fuel-modification, wildfire-risk, and wildland-urban-interface areas.
Open outdoor burning is tightly restricted in Yorba Linda. The adopted 2022 California Fire Code (YLMC Chapter 15.08, Section 307) bans burning wood and solid fuels in fuel-modification, wildfire-risk, and wildland-urban-interface areas, and South Coast AQMD Rule 444 regulates open burning regionally.
Yorba Linda requires defensible space and fuel modification in its extensive fire-hazard areas. The adopted fire code and OCFA Guideline C-05 govern vegetation management for structures adjoining hazardous brush, and the city runs an annual Weed Abatement Program. Hazardous weeds and vegetation are also public nuisances under Municipal Code Chapter
Backyard recreational fires in Yorba Linda are governed by the adopted 2022 California Fire Code (YLMC Chapter 15.08), enforced by OCFA. Gas-fueled fire features are allowed with approval, but wood and solid-fuel fires are prohibited in fuel-modification, wildfire-risk, and wildland-urban-interface areas, which cover much of the hillside city.
Yorba Linda enforces California smoke-alarm and carbon-monoxide-alarm law through its adopted residential and fire codes. State law requires working smoke alarms and CO alarms in all dwellings, and additional detectors must be added when building permits are issued. The city provides a self-certification form for alarm installation.
Municipal Code Chapter 10.28 governs stopping, standing and parking in Yorba Linda, setting curb-color meanings, parkway limits and permit zones; the Orange County Sheriff enforces public-street parking.
Municipal Code Chapter 10.28 defines yellow curbs as loading zones and green curbs as short-term parking, with strict time limits set by the City Traffic Engineer's curb markings.
Yorba Linda has no citywide overnight parking ban; the City states vehicles may park on a public street for up to 72 hours before they must be moved, consistent with California Vehicle Code Section 22651(k).
Yorba Linda lets residents store RVs, boats, campers and trailers on single-family lots under Zoning Code Chapter 18.10 standards, but bars storing them on public roadways and using them as living quarters.
Yorba Linda requires vehicles, RVs, boats and trailers parked in a residential front yard to be on a paved driveway, prohibits blocking sidewalks, and bars encroachment into the public right-of-way.
Under Municipal Code Chapter 10.28 the City Traffic Engineer maintains all no-stopping, no-parking and restricted-parking zones by signs or curb paint; only official curb markings carry legal force in Yorba Linda.
Municipal Code Chapter 10.52 bars commercial vehicles rated at 10,000 pounds or more gross vehicle weight from parking on residential-district streets except briefly for pickups, deliveries or permitted construction work.
Municipal Code Chapter 8.08 makes it unlawful to keep an abandoned, wrecked, dismantled or inoperative vehicle on public or private property, and treats a vehicle missing critical parts for 72 hours or more as inoperative.
Oversized recreational and commercial vehicles face layered limits in Yorba Linda: Chapter 10.52 bars heavy commercial vehicles from residential streets, and the City prohibits storing motorhomes, campers, trailers and boats on public roadways.
Yorba Linda runs an expedited permitting program for electric vehicle charging stations, following California AB 1236/AB 970 streamlining, with separate checklists for single-family and multifamily installations.
Yorba Linda, a historically equestrian city, allows backyard fowl and rabbits for noncommercial use, and horses and cleft-hoofed livestock by right on larger estate-zoned lots. Coops, cages, and animals must stay at least 50 feet from any neighboring dwelling.
Yorba Linda is an equestrian city where horses and cleft-hoofed livestock are allowed by right on estate-zoned lots of 15,000 square feet or more, with counts capped by parcel size and a 50-foot setback from neighboring homes. Smaller lots need a permit.
Yorba Linda adopts the Orange County animal ordinance. Off the owner's property, a dog must be restrained by a substantial chain or leash no longer than six feet and controlled by a competent person. Off-leash play is allowed only at Checker's Dog Park.
Yorba Linda allows three adult dogs or cats per household. Keeping four or more dogs or cats over four months old requires a Conditional Use Permit from the Planning Commission, because that count is treated as a noncommercial kennel under city zoning.
Yorba Linda imposes no breed-specific dog ban. California Food and Agricultural Code 31683 bars local dog rules that are specific as to breed. Dangerous dogs are handled individually through the adopted Orange County vicious-dog process, not by breed.
Yorba Linda warns that feeding coyotes or other wildlife can be a violation of the municipal code and result in fines. The city's Coyote Management Plan directs residents to secure food sources and never intentionally feed wildlife.
Yorba Linda zoning allows a maximum of three beehives in most residential and open-space zones. Additional hives, or hives in the R-S and R-U zones, require a Conditional Use Permit from the Planning Commission under YLMC Chapter 18.20.
Yorba Linda adopts the Orange County ordinance, which bars keeping wild, exotic, dangerous, or non-domestic animals without a license. California law separately bans ferrets and many wild species statewide, so most exotics may not be kept as pets.
Yorba Linda allows three adult cats per household with no leash requirement. Cat licensing through Orange County Animal Care is optional unless a household keeps four or more cats, which requires a permit and a Conditional Use Permit.
Yorba Linda has no ordinance using the word hoarding, but its three-pet household limit, kennel-permit requirement, and the adopted Orange County cruelty and welfare rules together let officials act when too many animals are kept in unsafe conditions.
Orange County charges substantially higher dog license fees for unaltered dogs and requires spay or neuter for impounded animals before release, encouraging sterilization and reducing shelter intake countywide.
Orange County encourages residents to haze coyotes, secure attractants, and report aggressive encounters under a coordinated management plan run with OC Animal Care, OC Parks, and California Department of Fish and Wildlife.
Orange County requires dogs four months and older within OC Animal Care jurisdiction to be microchipped before or at the time of license issuance, ensuring lost pets can be returned quickly to owners.
California AB 485 prohibits pet stores in Orange County from selling dogs, cats, or rabbits unless sourced from animal shelters or approved rescue organizations, and OC Animal Care inspects compliance under the state mandate.
Orange County zones veterinary hospitals into commercial and limited industrial districts and requires conditional use permits when overnight boarding, outdoor runs, or large-animal services are part of the operation.
Yorba Linda caps front-yard fences at 36 inches directly in front of the dwelling, with wrought iron up to five feet elsewhere in the front yard. Side and rear fences may reach six feet.
Yorba Linda's fence material standards favor wrought iron and masonry in front yards, restrict chainlink to non-front locations, and set decorative-element allowances under YLMC 18.10.130.
A shared side or rear fence may reach six feet measured toward the adjacent neighbor's property, and where grade differs the same wall may be up to nine feet on the subject-property face, under YLMC 18.10.130.
Standard-height fences follow YLMC 18.10.130 limits, but exceeding front-yard height needs a Planning Commission conditional use permit, and modest over-height fences may qualify for an administrative adjustment.
Individual retaining walls in Yorba Linda may not exceed nine feet and are also subject to Hillside Development rules; combination retaining-and-screen walls up to nine feet need an administrative adjustment.
Yorba Linda regulates fence height, location, and materials by zone in YLMC 18.10.130 and requires a corner cut-off sight-distance triangle to be kept clear of fences at street and driveway intersections.
Yorba Linda prohibits barbed wire, razor wire, and electrified fencing in residential zones, and bans chainlink on any front or street-side yard setback, with narrow exceptions for sports courts and public parks.
Orange County enforces the California Swimming Pool Safety Act (Health & Safety Code §115920-115929) and adopted Ordinance No. 19-006 requiring both primary and secondary pool barriers for all residential pools in unincorporated areas with water depth exceeding 18 inches.
Homeowners may trim trees on their own developed property, but public right-of-way and district-managed (LMAD) trees may not be trimmed without city permission. Municipal Code Chapter 16.08 requires a Community Development Director permit before altering right-of-way trees, and residents must keep private trees from obstructing sidewalks and streets.
Yorba Linda has a real tree-preservation ordinance in Municipal Code Chapter 16.08. Removing a tree in the public right-of-way, or on a vacant lot during building or grading, requires a Community Development Director permit. District (LMAD) trees also need city permission, and removed LMAD trees must be replaced.
Artificial turf is allowed in Yorba Linda residential front and street-side yards, but only with prior authorization from the Community Development Director. It must be high-quality turf mimicking real grass, professionally installed, and paired with at least 25% living plant material; carpeting is prohibited. This tracks California SB 676 (2023).
Under California SB 1383 and Municipal Code Chapter 8.20, Yorba Linda requires residents to divert organic waste (food scraps and yard waste) into curbside organics carts served by Republic Services. Backyard composting is allowed and reduces what residents set out. The city also offers free self-serve compost and mulch.
Most Yorba Linda homes are served by the Yorba Linda Water District (YLWD); parts by Golden State Water. YLWD is at Level 0, so it sets no watering-day limits or fines, but permanent statewide rules apply: no runoff onto pavement, no watering within 48 hours after rain, only self-closing hoses.
Yorba Linda runs an annual Weed Abatement and Rubbish Removal program under California Government Code Chapter 13 (Section 39560 et seq.). Owners who receive a notice must clear combustible weeds, brush, dead vegetation, and debris to keep property fire-safe. Overgrown weeds are also a nuisance under YLMC 8.04.
Yorba Linda has no ordinance banning rainwater capture, and the Yorba Linda Water District encourages it. YLWD rebates $35 per rain barrel (minimum 50 gallons, purpose-built for rain capture), up to two barrels per home. Captured roof runoff can irrigate gardens. Larger cistern systems still follow California plumbing-code rules.
Yorba Linda sets no fixed lawn-height number, but its Municipal Code makes lack of landscape maintenance a public nuisance. Landscaping must be kept up reasonably, including trimming, weeding, irrigating, and mowing. Overgrown or dead vegetation that harms neighbors or safety is enforced by the Community Preservation Division.
Yorba Linda encourages drought-tolerant and low-water landscaping. Zoning standards direct designs toward drought-tolerant plants, drip irrigation, reclaimed water, and minimal turf, and the city has Water Efficient Landscape Regulations implementing California's model ordinance. Front yards must be at least 51% plant material, which native plantings easily satisfy.
Yorba Linda requires a building permit to construct a swimming pool, spa, or hot tub, with separate plumbing, electrical, and mechanical permits. Structural plans by a registered engineer and Planning setback review are required before construction begins.
New or remodeled pools at single-family homes must include at least two of seven state drowning-prevention safety features, per California's Swimming Pool Safety Act. Anti-entrapment drain protection under Health & Safety Code 115928 is also required.
Yorba Linda treats above-ground pools as swimming pools when water is over 18 inches deep, triggering barrier and permit rules. Prefabricated above-ground pools less than 18 inches deep and under 5,000 gallons are exempt from a building permit.
Yorba Linda requires a pool barrier at least 60 inches high measured from the side facing away from the pool, with maximum 2-inch ground clearance and openings that block a 4-inch sphere. Gates must open outward and be self-closing and self-latching.
Yorba Linda regulates spas and hot tubs as swimming pools when water exceeds 18 inches deep, requiring permits and safety features. Self-contained spas and hot tubs are exempt from the barrier rules if fitted with a listed ASTM F1346 locking safety cover.
Yorba Linda requires a home occupation permit plus a business license before operating a home-based business. The Planning Division confirms the use is permitted, and the Finance Department issues the business license.
Yorba Linda prohibits signs and outdoor advertising for home occupations in residential zones, except a nameplate allowed under Zoning Code Chapter 18.24. The existence of the home occupation must not otherwise be apparent beyond the site.
Cottage food operations in Yorba Linda are governed by California's Homemade Food Act and registered or permitted through the Orange County Health Care Agency. The city separately requires a home occupation permit and business license for the home-based activity.
Small family day care homes are permitted as a residential use in Yorba Linda under California law. Large family day care homes are subject to a modified conditional use permit with notice to property owners within 100 feet.
Yorba Linda allows home occupations in residential zones only as a use clearly incidental to the dwelling, with no external alteration and no evidence of the business visible beyond the site. A home occupation permit and a city business license are required.
Yorba Linda permits accessory dwelling units ministerially under Zoning Code Chapter 18.20, Article IX (Sections 18.20.800–880), implementing California ADU law. A qualifying ADU is approved with only a building permit, no discretionary hearing, if it meets the article's standards.
Sheds and other detached accessory structures in Yorba Linda residential zones are governed by the Zoning Code (Title 18, Chapter 18.10, Residential Zones), which sets height, setback, and lot-coverage standards. A building permit is required for larger structures.
Converting a garage into living space in Yorba Linda requires a building permit and compliance with the Zoning Code. A garage converted to an accessory dwelling unit follows Chapter 18.20, Article IX; other conversions must still meet residential parking standards.
Carports in Yorba Linda are accessory structures regulated by the Zoning Code (Chapter 18.10, Residential Zones) for setback, height, and design, and must serve required parking. A building permit is required to construct a carport.
Yorba Linda has no separate tiny-home ordinance; a tiny house on a permanent foundation is regulated as a dwelling or ADU under Chapter 18.20, Article IX, while a tiny house on wheels is treated as an RV and cannot be used as a permanent residence.
Yorba Linda applies a citywide 35-foot building height limit, measured from the lowest exterior ground-level point to the highest point, with narrow exceptions and higher limits in some multifamily zones.
Yorba Linda limits building coverage by residential zone through YLMC 18.10.090 Table 18.10-2, alongside minimum lot sizes such as 15,000 square feet in the R-E estate zone.
Yorba Linda sets front, side, and rear setbacks by zone in YLMC 18.10.090 Table 18.10-2; in R-A, RLD, and R-E zones side yards must be 10 percent of lot width, at least 10 feet and no more than 20 feet.
Backyard BBQ grilling is allowed in Yorba Linda, but the adopted 2022 California Fire Code (YLMC Chapter 15.08), enforced by OCFA, restricts open-flame cooking and LP-gas cylinders on the balconies of multifamily buildings near combustible construction. In fire-hazard areas, grills must be kept clear of dry brush and ignition sources.
Backyard smokers are treated as open-flame cooking devices under Yorba Linda's adopted 2022 California Fire Code (YLMC Chapter 15.08), enforced by OCFA. They are allowed at single-family homes but restricted on multifamily balconies near combustibles, and in fire-hazard areas must be kept clear of dry brush. No separate nuisance-smoke ordinance
Under Yorba Linda Municipal Code Chapter 8.20, solid waste carts at single-family homes must be stored out of public view in a side yard, rear yard, or garage, except on collection day. Leaving carts visible from the street on non-collection days is a property maintenance violation.
Yorba Linda requires vacant lots and structures to be kept free of blight. Unsecured vacant buildings accessible through an unlocked window or door are declared a public nuisance, and vacant lots must be maintained free of weeds, debris, and overgrown vegetation under the City's property maintenance and nuisance provisions.
Yorba Linda declares dead, decayed, diseased, overgrown, or hazardous weeds, grass, and vegetation a public nuisance when they harbor rats or vermin, create an unsightly appearance, harm neighboring property values, or constitute a fire hazard. Overgrowth encroaching on sidewalks, streets, or alleys is also prohibited.
Yorba Linda does not publish a dedicated garage-sale or yard-sale permit; the City Clerk's permit list includes solicitation and similar permits but no garage-sale permit. Residents should keep sales incidental to home use, follow the temporary-sign guidelines, and avoid creating any property nuisance or right-of-way obstruction.
Yorba Linda's Community Preservation Division enforces the Municipal Code against property blight. It is a public nuisance to store junk, trash, salvage, scrap metal, or abandoned furniture and appliances where they are visible from a public street, alley, or adjoining property.
Orange County, California does not experience snowfall in its unincorporated communities and has no snow removal or sidewalk snow-clearing ordinance. Coastal and inland Southern California climate means this regulation is not applicable. Standard sidewalk maintenance falls under general property maintenance provisions.
Yorba Linda's Tree Preservation ordinance (Municipal Code Chapter 16.08) requires a Community Development Director permit to remove trees in the public right-of-way and to remove vacant-lot trees during building or grading. District (LMAD) trees also require city permission and replacement. Permits turn on the tree's health, hazard, and site-impact factors.
Orange County protects coast live oak, Engelmann oak, California sycamore, and other native trees in unincorporated areas through grading, hillside, and oak woodland conservation provisions tied to CEQA review.
Orange County's tree ordinance provides heightened protections for Heritage Trees — mature native trees of significant size, age, or ecological value. Heritage tree removal requires a 5:1 replacement ratio by size and may cost $21,200 or more in mitigation fees.
When protected tree removal is approved in unincorporated Orange County, the ordinance requires replacement planting at a 3:1 ratio for Specimen Trees and 5:1 ratio for Heritage Trees. Developers must plant more trees than removed or pay increased mitigation fees.
Garage sale signs in Yorba Linda are temporary signs regulated under Zoning Code Chapter 18.24. Temporary signs face short display-duration limits, material requirements, and general prohibitions on placement in the public right-of-way.
Yorba Linda regulates political and other noncommercial signs content-neutrally under Zoning Code Chapter 18.24. The code states its intent to respect First Amendment free-speech rights, and temporary noncommercial signs are generally limited to no more than 10 consecutive days.
Orange County does not have a specific ordinance restricting residential holiday displays in unincorporated areas. Holiday decorations and seasonal displays on private property are generally permitted without a permit. Standard nuisance provisions under OCCO Title 3 and noise/lighting standards apply if displays create a disturbance.
Republic Services is Yorba Linda's exclusive franchise hauler under a citywide franchise agreement. Every occupied residential and commercial premises must subscribe to weekly collection or register as a permitted self-hauler under YLMC Chapter 8.20. Single-family homes receive weekly service using a three-cart system.
YLMC 8.20.050 sets the curb window for carts: no container may be placed at the street before 4:00 p.m. the evening before collection, and all containers must be removed by 8:00 p.m. on collection day. Lids must stay closed, and carts must otherwise be stored out of public view.
YLMC Chapter 8.20 makes it unlawful to throw, place, scatter, or deposit solid waste on another person's property, on public property, or in any street, driveway, or alley. Scavenging waste set out for the franchise hauler is also prohibited, as is placing waste at the curb without subscribing to collection.
Bulky-item and large-item pickup for Yorba Linda residents is provided by the franchise hauler, Republic Services, and scheduled through Republic's website or customer service line. Illegal collection of set-out waste by anyone other than the franchisee is prohibited under YLMC Chapter 8.20.
Yorba Linda mandates recycling and organic-waste recycling under YLMC Chapter 8.20, which implements California's SB 1383 organics mandate. Residents and businesses subscribed to the franchise must participate in the recycling and organics programs and keep materials properly sorted into the correct carts; failing to do so is a public nuisance.
Mandatory organics recycling in unincorporated Orange County is driven by California SB 1383, not a unique county rule. Effective January 1, 2022, all residences and businesses must separate organic waste (food scraps and yard waste) into the organics cart. The County adopted Ordinance No. 21-011 to implement SB 1383, with enforcement beginning January 1, 2024. Residents cannot opt out.
Yorba Linda's Zoning Code (Chapter 18.10) prohibits light trespass by requiring outdoor fixtures to be aimed or shielded so direct illumination does not spill across streets or onto adjacent property, protecting neighbors from unwanted glare and spillover.
Yorba Linda's residential lighting standards (Zoning Code Chapter 18.10) require outdoor light fixtures, except street lamps, to be aimed or shielded so direct illumination stays within the property boundaries and does not spill onto streets or adjacent property.
Yorba Linda Municipal Code Chapter 12.20 sets park hours: all City parks are open for public use from sunrise to sunset, except lighted parks governed by adopted written policies. Being in a park after posted hours and other prohibited conduct is unlawful.
Orange County's curfew ordinance under Title 3, Division 6, Article 1 prohibits minors under 18 from being in public places during nighttime hours — 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM on weekdays and 11:00 PM to 6:00 AM on weekends — with exceptions for work, emergencies, and supervised activities.
Orange County manages coastal shoreline through OC Public Works and the California Coastal Commission. Unincorporated coastal areas require Coastal Development Permits for construction near the shoreline. Beach nourishment and erosion control projects are managed at the county level.
Orange County adopted a Climate Action Plan committing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across county facilities, fleet, and unincorporated land use, aligning with California statewide carbon-neutrality targets by 2045.
California Air Resources Board regulations limit diesel-fueled commercial vehicle idling to five minutes statewide, applying countywide in Orange County including ports, distribution centers, and school drop-off zones.
California Assembly Bill 1346 phases out the sale of new gas-powered leaf blowers and small off-road engines, applying countywide in Orange County including all 34 cities and unincorporated areas.
Orange County participates in the National Flood Insurance Program and enforces floodplain construction standards in mapped Special Flood Hazard Areas across unincorporated communities and county-administered watersheds.
California Title 24 Part 6 energy standards require cool roof reflectivity for most new and replacement low-slope roofs in Orange County's climate zones 6, 8, and 10, covering all cities and unincorporated areas.
Development within the coastal zone of unincorporated Orange County requires a Coastal Development Permit (CDP) under OCCO §7-9-127 and the California Coastal Act. The County has certified Local Coastal Programs for the Newport Coast, Emerald Bay, and Aliso Viejo segments, with the California Coastal Commission retaining jurisdiction over uncertified segments.
Orange County requires Erosion and Sediment Control Plans (ESCPs) for all grading and building projects in unincorporated areas. The OC Grading and Excavation Code (OCCO Title 7, Division 1, Article 8) and the NPDES MS4 permit mandate erosion prevention BMPs during construction to protect waterways and coastal resources.
Orange County enforces stormwater quality under two Phase I NPDES MS4 Permits issued by the Santa Ana and San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Boards. Title 9 of the OCCO (Water Quality) and the NPDES program require all construction and development projects in unincorporated areas to implement Best Management Practices (BMPs) and submit a Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) before grading or building permits are issued.
The Orange County Grading and Excavation Code (OCCO Title 7, Division 1, Article 8) requires grading permits for all excavation and earthwork in unincorporated areas. Section 7-1-805 prohibits grading, clearing, brushing, or grubbing without a permit from the Building Official. Drainage facilities must conform to Subarticle 11 of the OC Grading Manual.
California does not mandate seismic gas shutoff valves for existing single-family homes. Some Orange County cities require them upon property sale. SoCalGas recommends but does not require automatic shutoff valves. Installation requires a plumbing permit.
Unincorporated Orange County does not mandate foundation bolting for existing homes. California's Earthquake Brace + Bolt (EBB) program offers grants up to $3,000 for qualifying homeowners to bolt their homes to foundations and brace cripple walls.
Unincorporated Orange County does not have a mandatory unreinforced masonry (URM) retrofit ordinance. California SB 547 required inventories of URM buildings but did not mandate retrofits. Few URM buildings exist in unincorporated OC areas due to newer construction patterns.
Orange County has not adopted a mandatory soft-story retrofit ordinance comparable to Los Angeles (Ordinance 183893) or Santa Monica (Ord. 2479CCS). Multi-family wood-frame buildings with tuck-under parking in unincorporated Orange County are governed only by the seismic provisions in the California Existing Building Code (CEBC) Chapter A4 'Earthquake Hazard Reduction for Existing Wood-Frame Residential Buildings' as adopted by the County of Orange Building Code (Codified Ordinances Title 7, Div. 1).
HOA architectural review in Orange County communities is governed by individual CC&Rs and the Davis-Stirling Act. Most large unincorporated communities require prior approval for exterior modifications. California law limits HOA authority over solar panels, drought-tolerant landscaping, EV chargers, and political signs.
HOA assessments in Orange County are governed by the Davis-Stirling Act. Regular assessments can increase up to 20% per year without member vote. Special assessments exceeding 5% of the annual budget require member approval. Delinquent assessments can result in liens and foreclosure.
CC&R enforcement in Orange County HOAs follows the Davis-Stirling Act. Violation notices must be specific and provide a hearing opportunity. Fines must follow a schedule in the operating rules. HOAs can place liens for unpaid fines but face limits on fine amounts and foreclosure authority.
HOA board procedures in Orange County are governed by the California Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act (Civil Code 4000-6150). Board meetings must be open to members with advance notice. Elections must follow secret ballot procedures. Annual budgets and financial reports are mandatory.
HOA disputes in Orange County follow the Davis-Stirling Act's dispute resolution framework. Internal Dispute Resolution (IDR) is the first step. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) must be offered before litigation. The prevailing party in HOA lawsuits may recover attorney fees.
California HOAs may fine members for rule violations, but only under a published schedule of fines and after strict due-process steps. Civil Code section 5855 requires written notice and a hearing before any monetary penalty, and section 5725 bars fines from becoming a foreclosable lien on the home.
California overrides HOA governing documents on several owner protections. The Davis-Stirling Act and related Civil Code sections bar HOAs from prohibiting solar systems, U.S. flag displays, drought-tolerant landscaping, EV charging stations, and most noncommercial signs, even where local city rules are silent.
Orange County and OCFA require automatic fire sprinkler systems in all new one and two-family dwellings under California Residential Code Section R313, with additional triggers for substantial remodels and homes in wildfire areas.
Orange County enforces the California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) for all new construction and major remodels, requiring water efficiency, construction waste diversion, and indoor air quality measures verified at permit close-out.
Orange County zoning controls oversized homes on small lots through floor area ratio limits, height caps, and second-story setback rules in residential zones, particularly within unincorporated foothill and coastal communities.
Orange County rental and owner-occupied housing must remain free of vermin under California habitability law, with pest control work performed by Structural Pest Control Board licensed operators and tenting requiring OCFA notification.
Pre-1978 homes in unincorporated Orange County must comply with federal lead disclosure for sales and rentals, and renovations disturbing painted surfaces require EPA-certified RRP contractors under California Department of Public Health oversight.
California AB 12 caps security deposits at one month's rent for nearly all Orange County residential tenancies starting July 2024, regardless of furnished or unfurnished status. Small mom-and-pop landlords retain a limited two-month exception.
Under California AB 1482, no-fault evictions in Orange County rental units (owner move-in, withdrawal from market, substantial remodel, government order) require landlords to provide one month's rent in relocation assistance or waive the final month's rent.
Orange County landlords using a no-fault eviction under AB 1482 must pay relocation assistance equal to one month of current rent, or waive the tenant's final month, regardless of tenant income or household size. OC has no enhanced county-level relocation tier.
California prohibits Orange County landlords from refusing to rent to applicants because they use a Section 8 housing-choice voucher or other government rental subsidy. Source-of-income protection became statewide under SB 329 in 2020.
California Civil Code 1940.2 prohibits Orange County landlords from using force, threats, fraud, utility cutoffs, or repeated false-eviction filings to coerce tenants into vacating. OC has not adopted a separate county-level tenant-anti-harassment ordinance like LA's TAHO.
California AB 1482 (Tenant Protection Act of 2019) requires landlords countywide in Orange County to provide written notice of statewide rent caps and just-cause eviction protections, or to certify a property's exemption status, in every lease and renewal.
The Orange County Housing Authority (OCHA) administers Section 8 housing-choice vouchers for most unincorporated areas and many cities. Landlords are required to accept voucher applicants under California source-of-income protection law, with OCHA setting payment standards.
Unincorporated Orange County has no local rent control ordinance. Tenants are protected by California's statewide Tenant Protection Act (AB 1482), which caps annual rent increases at 5% plus local CPI or 10%, whichever is lower. AB 1482 applies to most residential rental units built more than 15 years ago.
Unincorporated Orange County has no local just cause eviction ordinance. California's Tenant Protection Act (AB 1482, Civil Code §1946.2) provides statewide just cause eviction protections for tenants who have occupied a unit for 12 or more months. Landlords must cite a specific at-fault or no-fault reason to terminate tenancy.
Unincorporated Orange County does not require rental property registration. There is no countywide rental registry, landlord licensing, or rental inspection program for unincorporated communities. Within Orange County, only the City of Santa Ana has implemented a rental registration program as part of its Rent Stabilization Ordinance.
California evictions run through the unlawful detainer process. Under Code of Civil Procedure § 1161, nonpayment requires a 3-day notice to pay rent or quit (excluding weekends and holidays), and lease violations require a 3-day notice to cure or quit. No-fault terminations of covered tenancies require 30, 60, or 90 days. Self-help lockouts are illegal.
California landlords must keep rentals fit to live in. Civil Code §§ 1941 and 1941.1, reinforced by Green v. Superior Court, imply a warranty of habitability covering plumbing, heat, water, electricity, and sanitation. If repairs fail after notice, a tenant may repair and deduct up to one month's rent under § 1942 or withhold rent.
California Civil Code § 1954 limits when a landlord may enter a rented home. Except in emergencies, abandonment, or with tenant consent, the landlord must give reasonable written notice (24 hours is presumed reasonable) and may enter only during normal business hours, for specific permitted reasons such as repairs, inspections, or showings.
California sets no fixed dollar or percentage cap on rent late fees, but a late fee in a residential lease is treated as liquidated damages. Under Civil Code § 1671, such a fee is valid only if it reasonably estimates the landlord's actual loss from late payment; arbitrary penalty fees are unenforceable.
To end a California month-to-month tenancy, a tenant gives 30 days' written notice. A landlord gives 30 days if the tenant has lived there under a year, or 60 days if a year or more, under Civ. Code § 1946.1. AB 1482 requires just cause after 12 months; military and DV tenants may exit early.
California requires written notice before raising a month-to-month tenant's rent. Under Civ. Code § 827, increases of 10% or less in 12 months need 30 days' notice; increases above 10% need 90 days' notice. AB 1482 separately caps yearly increases on covered units.
California adverse possession requires five years of continuous, open, hostile possession AND payment of all property taxes during that period under Code of Civil Procedure § 325. A squatter or trespasser who has not paid taxes gains no ownership and can be removed by unlawful detainer, ejectment, or a police trespass action.
Orange County and its cities cannot enforce sit-lie or anti-camping ordinances against unsheltered residents when no shelter beds are available, under Martin v. Boise (9th Circuit 2018) and subsequent Ninth Circuit case law shaping county enforcement.
Orange County coordinates encampment sanitation through OC Public Works, OC Health Care Agency, and the Office of Care Coordination, providing notice, storage of personal property, and sharps and biohazard cleanup before any flood-channel or right-of-way clearing operation.
Orange County operates bridge-housing and navigation centers in Anaheim, Fullerton, Santa Ana, and Tustin to provide low-barrier short-term shelter with case management, behavioral health, and connection to permanent housing through the OC Continuum of Care system.
Orange County HCA inspects every food facility and posts a color-coded A (pass), B (conditional), or C (closed) placard at the front door, visible to customers entering.
Orange County HCA Vector Control District compels property owners to eliminate rat and mouse harborage, with mandatory abatement orders when infestations threaten neighbors or public health countywide.
California Civil Code §1954.603 requires Orange County landlords to provide bed bug disclosures to tenants, prohibits retaliatory eviction for reporting infestations, and mandates licensed pest treatment when found.
California Medical Waste Management Act bans household sharps in regular trash; Orange County provides free mail-back kits and drop-off sites for needles, lancets, and EpiPens.
California Health and Safety Code §113948 requires all OC restaurant employees handling unpackaged food to obtain an ANSI-accredited food handler card within 30 days of hire and renew every three years.
California Business and Professions Code §26054 bars cannabis businesses within 600 feet of schools, day cares, and youth centers; Orange County and most OC cities apply the buffer or ban cannabis outright.
Under CA Bureau of Cannabis Control Regulation §5416 and the 2020 Costa v. DCC ruling, licensed cannabis delivery into Orange County jurisdictions is allowed even where storefronts are banned, including all unincorporated areas.
Orange County Codified Ordinances Title 7 prohibits all commercial cannabis activity in unincorporated areas, including cultivation, manufacturing, distribution, testing, and retail storefronts under both state Prop 64 and county zoning authority.
California Proposition 64 allows adults 21+ in Orange County to grow up to six cannabis plants per private residence; outdoor cultivation may be banned locally, and OC unincorporated areas restrict cultivation to fully enclosed indoor spaces.
Orange County Ordinance No. 17-011 (codified at OCCO §7-9-146.8 through §7-9-146.14) strictly regulates personal cannabis cultivation in unincorporated areas. Indoor cultivation of up to 6 plants is permitted only within a fully enclosed and secured structure at a private residence. Outdoor personal cultivation is expressly prohibited.
All commercial cannabis operations, including dispensaries and retail sales, are prohibited in unincorporated Orange County under Ordinance No. 17-011 (OCCO §7-9-146.8 through §7-9-146.14). No cannabis dispensary, delivery service, cultivation facility, manufacturing, testing, or distribution operation may be established in any unincorporated zone.
California SB 270 and SB 1046 ban single-use plastic carryout bags at OC grocery stores, pharmacies, and large retailers; reusable or paper bags require a 10-cent minimum charge.
California SB 54 phases out expanded polystyrene foodware statewide by 2025; many OC cities including Laguna Beach, Huntington Beach, San Clemente, and Dana Point already ban EPS takeout containers, cups, and trays.
California AB 1276 requires OC food facilities to provide single-use utensils, napkins, stirrers, and condiment packets only when customers request them or affirmatively select them at self-serve kiosks.
California AB 1884 prohibits OC full-service restaurants from automatically providing single-use plastic straws; customers must explicitly request one. Many OC coastal cities go further and ban plastic straws outright.
California SB 793, affirmed by voters as Proposition 31 in 2022, bans the retail sale of flavored tobacco products including menthol cigarettes, flavored vapes, and flavored cigars throughout Orange County.
California SB 7 set the minimum tobacco purchase age at 21 in 2016, four years before federal Tobacco 21. OC retailers must check ID for any buyer who appears under 30 and face license suspension for sales to minors.
California requires statewide licensing of tobacco and vape retailers under the STAKE Act and the Cigarette and Tobacco Products Licensing Act. Business and Professions Code 22970 establishes uniform retailer licensing, while local governments may adopt stricter rules.
Orange County water retailers enforce outdoor irrigation schedules tied to Metropolitan Water District allocations and California state drought emergency regulations, typically limiting irrigation to specific days and hours.
Orange County water retailers operate leak hotlines and require prompt repair of customer-side leaks, with statewide California regulations also prohibiting visible water waste, runoff, and unrepaired plumbing leaks.
Orange County water retailers offer turf replacement rebates funded by Metropolitan Water District and member agencies, paying property owners per square foot of grass converted to California-friendly landscaping.
Orange County operates the world's largest potable water reuse system, the Groundwater Replenishment System, blending advanced-treated wastewater into the basin that supplies most of north and central county.
Development within Orange County's 42-mile Coastal Zone requires a Coastal Development Permit issued by the California Coastal Commission or the local jurisdiction acting under a certified Local Coastal Program.
California Government Code 65915 grants developers density bonuses, parking reductions, and concessions when projects include affordable, senior, or transitional housing units across all Orange County jurisdictions.
Orange County applies hillside management overlays in unincorporated foothills and canyon areas, restricting grading, ridgeline development, and density on slopes above defined gradients to protect viewsheds and wildfire safety.
Orange County and OCTA maintain a multi-jurisdictional bike network using California Vehicle Code Class I, II, III, and IV designations across regional trails, on-street lanes, and signed bike routes.
California Vehicle Code 312.5 defines three e-bike classes and applies countywide in Orange County, governing helmet rules, age limits, motorized speed caps, and where each class may operate.
Orange County has not adopted a local minimum wage, so the California statewide rate of $16.50 per hour applies to virtually all employees working in any OC city or unincorporated area as of January 2026.
California's Healthy Workplaces, Healthy Families Act guarantees at least 40 hours or 5 days of paid sick leave per year to most employees in Orange County, with no separate county or city expansion.
Senate Bill 54, the California Values Act, restricts how Orange County Sheriff and local police share information or hold individuals for federal immigration enforcement, applying countywide regardless of city policy.
Orange County does not require employers or contractors to use the federal E-Verify system, and California Assembly Bill 1065 prohibits cities and counties from forcing private employers to enroll beyond federal requirements.
Massage businesses operating in unincorporated Orange County must obtain a county business license and employ practitioners certified by the California Massage Therapy Council under state law.
Retailers selling tobacco or vape products in unincorporated Orange County must hold a state CDTFA tobacco license, and California's flavored-tobacco ban (SB 793) applies countywide regardless of any local licensing scheme.
Secondhand dealers and pawnbrokers in unincorporated Orange County must register with the OC Sheriff and report all transactions daily through the state CAPSS system to deter trafficking in stolen goods.
Tow truck operators in unincorporated Orange County must hold California Highway Patrol motor carrier permits and follow Vehicle Code §22658 limits on private-property trespass tows, including signage and immediate-release requirements.
Operating a commercial auto-repair business from a residence in unincorporated Orange County is prohibited; minor maintenance on personally owned vehicles is allowed within limits set by the OC Zoning Code.
Aggressive panhandling — soliciting near ATMs, in traffic medians, or with threatening conduct — is restricted in unincorporated Orange County under content-neutral safety provisions, while passive solicitation remains protected speech.
California Government Code §7597 bans smoking on all state beaches and parks, and OC Parks prohibits smoking and vaping in county parks; cigarettes and cannabis are restricted within 25 feet of building entrances under Labor Code §6404.5.
California Business & Professions Code §25620 prohibits possession of open alcoholic-beverage containers in public places, parks, and parking lots in unincorporated Orange County, with limited exceptions for licensed venues and designated entertainment zones.
Smoking, vaping, or ingesting cannabis in any public place, park, or vehicle on public roads is illegal in Orange County under Proposition 64 codified at Health & Safety Code §11362.3, even for adults 21 and over.
Orange County's Neighborhood Preservation division handles code enforcement for unincorporated areas. Reports can be filed 24/7 through the myOCeServices portal, by phone at 714-667-8853, or by email. The program is complaint-driven, with investigations only opening when the county receives a complaint.
Orange County Neighborhood Preservation investigates complaints based on priority. Safety hazards receive expedited response. Routine complaints are typically investigated within 2-4 weeks. The county focuses on voluntary compliance before pursuing administrative citations.
Common violations in unincorporated Orange County include unpermitted construction, property maintenance issues, illegal front yard fences (chain-link in front), abandoned vehicles, illegal signs, commercial activity in residential zones, and overgrown vegetation.
California's noxious weed list applies in Orange County. The OC Agricultural Commissioner enforces plant quarantines and pest regulations. The county's Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance requires new landscaping to use drought-tolerant species.
Orange County does not have a bamboo ban or containment ordinance. Running bamboo that spreads to neighboring properties may create civil liability under California nuisance law. Clumping bamboo is popular in OC landscaping and is unrestricted.
Front yard vegetable gardens are allowed in unincorporated Orange County under California AB 2561 (2022). The county encourages drought-tolerant landscaping and does not prohibit food production in residential yards. HOAs may have separate landscaping requirements.
Residential security cameras are permitted in unincorporated Orange County. California is a two-party consent state for audio recording (Penal Code 632). Video-only surveillance of your own property is generally unrestricted. Cameras should not be directed to capture areas where neighbors have a reasonable expectation of privacy.
California is a two-party (all-party) consent state for recording confidential conversations under Penal Code 632. Recording a conversation without all parties' consent is a criminal offense. Video recording without audio in public or on your property is generally permitted.
In unincorporated Orange County, fences up to 6 feet are generally allowed in side and rear yards. Front yard fences and walls are limited to 3.5 feet within visibility triangles. Chain-link fences are not allowed in front setback areas.
In unincorporated Orange County, one-story detached sheds under 120 square feet are exempt from building permits. Larger sheds require permits. All sheds must comply with zoning setbacks, lot coverage, and fire-zone requirements.
Fences under 6 feet do not require building permits in unincorporated Orange County if they comply with zoning requirements. Front setback fences have a 3.5 foot limit. No chain-link in front. Fences over 6 feet and retaining walls over 4 feet require permits.
Most renovation work in unincorporated Orange County requires building permits. Structural, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, and roofing work all need permits. Cosmetic work does not. Apply through OC Development Services.
Decks not more than 30 inches above grade are exempt from building permits in Orange County. Elevated decks, covered patios, and attached patio covers require permits. At-grade patios generally do not require permits.
Orange County prohibits operation of drones and radio-controlled devices in all county parks, beaches, and recreational areas under Section 2-5-42 of the Codified Ordinances except in designated areas approved by the Director. FAA rules including TRUST certification also apply.
Commercial drone operations in unincorporated Orange County require an FAA Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate. County parks remain off-limits for commercial flights without Director approval. LAANC authorization is required near John Wayne Airport's controlled airspace.
Solar panel installations in unincorporated Orange County require a building permit from OC Development Services. The County participates in SolarAPP+ for streamlined instant permitting of qualifying residential rooftop solar systems. Standard plan review for non-qualifying systems takes 2-4 weeks.
California's Solar Rights Act (Civil Code §714) provides strong protections for homeowners installing solar panels in unincorporated Orange County. HOAs cannot prohibit solar installations or impose restrictions that increase system cost by more than $1,000. Unreasonable aesthetic requirements that significantly reduce system efficiency are void and unenforceable.
Unincorporated Orange County does not impose a specific numerical limit on garage sale frequency in its codified ordinances. However, conducting frequent or continuous sales may trigger zoning enforcement for operating a commercial business from a residential property.
Unincorporated Orange County does not require a formal permit for residential garage or yard sales. However, sales must comply with county property maintenance and signage codes. California CDTFA requires a temporary seller's permit if sales exceed occasional personal property disposal.
Solicitors in unincorporated Orange County must respect posted no-soliciting signs on residential properties. The county's business licensing ordinance and California Penal Code Section 602 protect residents from unwanted door-to-door solicitation.
Door-to-door solicitors and peddlers operating in unincorporated Orange County must obtain a business license through the Orange County Sheriff's Department. The Sheriff's Business Licensing unit processes permits for canvassers, solicitors, and peddlers in unincorporated areas.
All food trucks operating in Orange County must obtain an OC Environmental Health permit. Permits from other California counties do not transfer. First-time applicants must submit vehicle construction plans for review and use a county-approved commissary.
OC Environmental Health permits do not restrict where food trucks can operate, but local zoning rules apply. In unincorporated Orange County, vendors must check OC Planning zoning requirements. California SB 972 protects sidewalk vending rights statewide.
California regulates concealed carry weapons licenses statewide under Penal Code 26150 through 26225. Senate Bill 2 (2023) imposes uniform sensitive-place restrictions and applicant standards, preempting local variations on issuance criteria and qualifications.
California preempts most local firearm regulation under Government Code 53071 and Penal Code 25605, reserving licensing, registration, and manufacture authority to the state. However, local governments retain limited authority over discharge, sensitive places, and zoning of gun businesses.
California broadly prohibits open carry of firearms statewide under Penal Code 25850 (loaded firearms in public) and Penal Code 26350 (open carry of unloaded handguns). The prohibition applies uniformly across all California cities and counties without local variation.
California prohibits carrying loaded firearms in vehicles statewide under Penal Code 25400 and 25850. Unloaded handguns transported in private vehicles must be in a locked container or the vehicle's locked trunk; long guns must be unloaded but need not be locked.
The California Land Conservation Act of 1965 (Williamson Act), Government Code 51200-51297.4, allows landowners to enter contracts with counties restricting land to agricultural use for ten-year minimum terms in exchange for reduced property tax assessment based on farming income.
The California Right to Farm Act under Civil Code 3482.5 protects established agricultural operations from nuisance lawsuits brought by neighbors who moved in after farming began. The law applies statewide and limits both private and local government nuisance actions.