Fall Leaf Burning & Outdoor Burning Laws by State (2026)
Where Is Open Burning Legal?
Find the rules for your area:
See which states and cities allow leaf burning, yard waste burning, and bonfires. Compare burn permit requirements and seasonal ban periods.
The table below breaks down the rules across 50 states and 566 cities and counties. Every entry is based on the actual municipal code for that location, not a guess or a generic template. Click any location to see the full ordinance details, including fines, exceptions, and local FAQs.
Rules by State
Each state is colored by the most common local rule. Click a state to see the cities and counties we cover there.
| State | Locations | Strict | Moderate | Permissive | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | 84 | 58 | 26 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Florida | 36 | 21 | 15 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Texas | 28 | 12 | 16 | - | Some Restrictions |
| North Carolina | 21 | 15 | 6 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Ohio | 21 | 12 | 9 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Massachusetts | 20 | 14 | 6 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Virginia | 20 | 10 | 10 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| New Jersey | 17 | 14 | 3 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| New York | 16 | 14 | 2 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Illinois | 15 | 9 | 6 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Washington | 15 | 10 | 5 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Pennsylvania | 14 | 6 | 8 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Arizona | 11 | 10 | 1 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Colorado | 11 | 5 | 6 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Indiana | 11 | 5 | 6 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Minnesota | 11 | 7 | 4 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| South Carolina | 11 | 2 | 9 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Wisconsin | 10 | 6 | 4 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Michigan | 9 | 6 | 3 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Tennessee | 9 | 4 | 5 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Utah | 9 | 4 | 5 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Georgia | 7 | 5 | 2 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Oregon | 7 | 3 | 4 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Arkansas | 5 | 1 | 4 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Louisiana | 5 | 4 | 1 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Hawaii | 4 | 2 | 2 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Iowa | 4 | 1 | 3 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Kansas | 4 | 4 | - | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Missouri | 4 | 2 | 2 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| New Mexico | 4 | 4 | - | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Rhode Island | 4 | 4 | - | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Alabama | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Idaho | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Kentucky | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Nebraska | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | Some Restrictions |
| West Virginia | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Alaska | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Connecticut | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Maryland | 2 | 2 | - | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Mississippi | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Montana | 2 | - | 2 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Nevada | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| New Hampshire | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Oklahoma | 2 | 2 | - | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Wyoming | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| District of Columbia | 1 | 1 | - | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| Maine | 1 | - | 1 | - | Some Restrictions |
| North Dakota | 1 | 1 | - | - | Heavy Restrictions |
| South Dakota | 1 | - | 1 | - | Some Restrictions |
| Vermont | 1 | 1 | - | - | Heavy Restrictions |
How Cities Compare
These rankings are based on verified municipal code data, not opinion. A "strict" rating means the city has heavy restrictions, high fines, or outright bans. "Permissive" means few or no local restrictions beyond state law.
Most Restrictive
- 1Shenandoah, TX
Shenandoah, Texas bans burning garbage, organic refuse, grass or leaves outside a building at any time under Code of Ordinances § 42-2. Even clearing trees, limbs or roots may only be burned during daylight hours with an attendant present under § 42-3, on top of the state's TCEQ outdoor burning restrictions.
- 2Columbus, OH$1,000 per violation
Columbus bans burning acceptable or unacceptable waste, including trash, yard debris, recyclables, and bulk refuse, anywhere within city limits, and violations carry a $1,000 civil fine under the Refuse Collection Code.
- 3Gaithersburg, MD
Gaithersburg City Code Sec. 19-6 makes it unlawful to burn leaves, trash, rubbish, weeds or any other substance in a roadway, gutter or public right-of-way anywhere in the city. It is an outright ban on that specific kind of open burning, enforced as a municipal infraction.
- 4Albuquerque, NM3 ft x 3 ft; larger needs 10-day permit
Albuquerque Fire Code Section 307.1 prohibits open burning, recreational fires, bonfires, rubbish fires and open-burning operations except as allowed by the Albuquerque-Bernalillo County Air Quality Control Board and the Fire Code. Limited dead-and-dry weed removal is allowed without a permit if it meets strict setback, pile-size, wind, and time-of-day conditions.
- 5Adams County, CO$100 civil infraction per violation
Open fires, including campfires, are unlawful across every Adams County park, trail and open space area under Resolution 2022-649. Charcoal fires are allowed only in provided picnic grills, propane grills and gas generators are permitted if placed on a protective base, and any fire that endangers people or damages natural resources violates the rule regardless of permission.
- 6Olathe, KS
Olathe bans open burning of refuse outright citywide, for residential and commercial property alike, with the general code setting no seasonal window or self-issued permit exception.
- 7Lakewood, OH
Lakewood's Chapter 1503 incorporates Ohio EPA open-burning standards; under OAC 3745-19-03, open burning is prohibited in restricted (urban) areas except for limited recreational and cooking fires.
- 8Cranston, RI
Cranston bans open fires citywide except barbecue, fireplace or grill cooking kept ten feet from property lines in a noncombustible enclosure, plus fire department training burns.
- 9Sugar Land, TXBan applies outright, unlike recreational fires
Sugar Land flatly prohibits burning rubbish anywhere in city limits. The Fire Code amendment defines rubbish to include plastic and rubber, so trash, yard-waste bag contents, and demolition debris cannot legally be burned outdoors, permit or no permit.
- 10Green Bay, WIFire Chief may declare citywide ban
Green Bay bans burning solid waste, trash, and yard waste outdoors citywide under Municipal Code § 32-4(c); only small contained recreational fires meeting strict placement rules are allowed, and the Fire Chief can order a burning ban in dry or windy weather.
All 566 Locations
Every city and county below has verified ordinance data for this topic. Click any location for the full breakdown including fines, exceptions, and local FAQs.
Frequently Asked Questions
These questions come from the most common things people ask about this topic across different cities.